Table 3.

Summary of cardiac dysfunction and heart failure risk secondary to risk-enhancing features

Risk Enhancing Feature	HF and Cardiac Dysfunction Risk	Disease-specific Risk Factors
Chronic Kidney Disease53–55	1. 2-fold increase with eGFR <60 ml/min/1.73m2 2. 1.5 to 5-fold increase with increasing levels of albuminuria	Anemia, insulin resistance, inflammation
Chronic Liver Disease56	1. Prevalence of cirrhotic cardiomyopathy as high as 40%	Hyperdynamic circulation, inflammation
Chronic Inflammatory Diseases57	1. RA: 1.3 to 2-fold increase58, 59 2. SLE: 3-fold increase60 3. SSc: 3 to 7-fold increase61 4. Psoriasis: 1.2 to 1.5-fold increase62 5. HIV: 1.5 to 2-fold increase63, 64	1. RA: +RF, elevated ESR, severe extraarticular manifestations 2. SLE: disease severity especially nephritis 3. SSc: diffuse cutaneous subtype, positive SSc specific serology, peripheral myositis65 4. Psoriasis: disease severity 5. HIV: low nadir CD4, low current CD4, high viral load
Cardiotoxic Chemotherapy66	1. Anthracyclines: 2–20% incidence rate of cardiac dysfunction 2. HER2 inhibitors: 3% incidence rate of cardiac dysfunction 3. Alkylating agents: 22% incidence rate of cardiac dysfunction 4. Taxanes: 0.7% incidence rate of cardiac dysfunction 5. VEGF inhibition: 0.2–20% incidence rate of cardiac dysfunction 6. Immune checkpoint inhibitors: 0.06 to 1% incidence rate of myocarditis	Advanced age, female sex, CAD, cardiovascular risk factors, prior history of chest radiation, concurrent or sequential use of multiple cardiotoxic chemotherapies
Radiation Therapy67	1. Decreased LVEF in 7–15% with anterior radiation 2. Diastolic dysfunction in 22% of survivors of childhood cancer	CVD risk factors, concomitant anthracycline use, anterior or left chest irradiation
Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes68–70	1. Pre-term birth: 1.6-fold increase 2. Pre-eclampsia: 2.2-fold increase 3. Maternal placental syndromes: 1.5-fold increase	Hypertension, older age at pregnancy