TABLE 1.

Summary of gut microbiota and their changes in the fecal samples of PD.

Phylum	Family	Genus	Metabolite	Alteration	References
Firmicutes				Down/Up	GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, 2017; Xu et al., 2019
	Clostridiaceae	Clostridium	–	Up	Santos Garcia et al., 2019
	Eubacteriaceae	Acetobacterium	–	Up	GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, 2017
	Veillonellaceae	Veillonella	–	Up	Xu et al., 2019
	Lachnospiraceae	Anaerostipes	–	Up	GBD 2016 Parkinson’s Disease Collaborators, 2018
		Dorea	–	Down
		Blautia	–	Down	Spillantini et al., 1997; Xu et al., 2019
		Roseburia	–	Down	Spillantini et al., 1997; Xu et al., 2019
		Coprococcus	–	Down
		Fusicatenibacter	–	Down	Spillantini et al., 1997
		Faecalibacterium	–	Down	Spillantini and Goedert, 2018
		Lachnospira	Nicotinic acid Pantothenic acid	Down/Up	Spillantini et al., 1997; Kim and Alcalay, 2017; Xu et al., 2019
		Pseudobutyrivibrio	–	Down	Spillantini et al., 1997
	Lactobacillaceae	Lactobacter	–	Up	Kim and Alcalay, 2017; Puspita et al., 2017
	Streptococcaceae	Streptococcus	Cadaverine	Down/Up	Santos Garcia et al., 2019
	Ruminococcaceae	Anaerotruncus	–	Up	GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, 2017
Bacteroidetes				Down/Up	Kim and Alcalay, 2017; Santos Garcia et al., 2019
	Bacteroidaceae	Bacteroides	–	Down/Up	Rocha et al., 2018; Santos Garcia et al., 2019
	Odoribacteriaceae	Odoribacter	–	Down	Spillantini et al., 1997; De Virgilio et al., 2016
	Rikenellaceae		–	Down
	Prevotellaceae	Prevotella	–	Down/Up	Bose and Beal, 2016; Rocha et al., 2018
	Porphyromonas		–	Up	Spillantini et al., 1997
Proteobacteria				Up	De Virgilio et al., 2016; Santos Garcia et al., 2019
	Alcaligenaceae		–	Down
	Comamonadaceae		–	Down
	Desulfovibrionaceae	Desulfovibrio	–	Up
	Desulfohalobiaceae	Desulfonauticus	–	Up
	Enterobacteriaceae			Down/Up	De Virgilio et al., 2016; Rocha et al., 2018
		Enterobacter	–	Up
		Escherichia	–	Up
		Serratia	Nicotinic acid	Up
		Oscillospira	–	Down/Up	Spillantini et al., 1997; Santos Garcia et al., 2019
		Corynebacterium	–	Up	Spillantini et al., 1997
	Sutterellaceae	Sutterella	–	Down
	Comamonadaceae	Comamonas	–	Up
Actinobacteria				Up	Hou et al., 2019
	Bifidobacteriaceae	Bifidobacterium	Pantothenic acid Pyroglutamic acid	Up	GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, 2017; Kim and Alcalay, 2017
	Coriobacteriaceae	Slackia	–	Up
	Microbacteriaceae		–	Up	GBD 2015 Neurological Disorders Collaborator Group, 2017
	Brevibacteriaceae	Brevibacterium	–	Down	Spillantini and Goedert, 2018
Verrucomicrobia				Up	De Virgilio et al., 2016; Santos Garcia et al., 2019; Xu et al., 2019
	Verrucomicrobiaceae	Akkermansia	–	Up	Kim and Alcalay, 2017; Santos Garcia et al., 2019
		Prosthecobacter	–	Up
Cyanobacteria				Down	Hou et al., 2019
	Aphanizomenonaceae	Dolichospermum	–	Down