Table 2.
Characteristics of the fresh and ensiled TMR (exp. 1)
| Treatment1 | P-value contrast | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Item | U | SMnf | SM | SG | SEM | U vs. SMnf | SMnf vs. SM | SM vs. SG |
| Fresh TMR | ||||||||
| DM2, % as fed | 59.7 | 60.0 | 60.1 | 60.3 | 0.27 | 0.48 | 0.85 | 0.63 |
| pH | 5.24 | 5.13 | 5.25 | 6.24 | 0.033 | 0.03 | 0.02 | <0.01 |
| CP, % DM | 13.1 | 10.1 | 13.3 | 13.2 | 0.12 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.55 |
| Soluble CP, % CP | 51.1 | 36.5 | 34.3 | 35.6 | 0.66 | <0.01 | 0.04 | 0.24 |
| Soluble carbohydrates, % DM | 1.42 | 1.31 | 1.53 | 2.07 | 0.089 | 0.41 | 0.09 | <0.01 |
| Buffering capacity, g lactic acid/kg DM | 23.1 | 18.0 | 22.8 | 21.0 | 0.40 | <0.01 | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Fermentability coefficient3 | 60.5 | 60.7 | 60.7 | 61.3 | 0.25 | 0.59 | 0.93 | 0.14 |
| LAB, log cfu/g as fed | 4.07 | 3.96 | 4.12 | 4.16 | 0.091 | 0.39 | 0.25 | 0.76 |
| Yeasts, log cfu/g as fed | 3.81 | 3.76 | 3.77 | 3.66 | 0.050 | 0.53 | 0.93 | 0.16 |
| Molds, log cfu/g as fed | 3.95 | 3.86 | 4.00 | 3.98 | 0.116 | 0.57 | 0.40 | 0.87 |
| Ensiled TMR | ||||||||
| DM, % as fed | 60.6 | 61.9 | 60.7 | 61.6 | 0.53 | 0.11 | 0.14 | 0.23 |
| CP, % DM | 13.2 | 10.6 | 13.5 | 13.3 | 0.16 | <0.01 | <0.01 | 0.38 |
| Soluble CP, % CP | 71.3 | 61.8 | 61.0 | 61.4 | 0.56 | <0.01 | 0.33 | 0.61 |
| NH3-N, % total N | 26.7 | 8.57 | 8.38 | 9.37 | 0.81 | <0.01 | 0.87 | 0.38 |
| pH | 4.72 | 4.24 | 4.23 | 4.22 | 0.060 | <0.01 | 0.99 | 0.83 |
| Lactic acid, % DM | 3.70 | 2.45 | 2.36 | 2.67 | 0.413 | 0.09 | 0.90 | 0.69 |
| Acetic acid, % DM | 1.29 | 1.03 | 1.07 | 1.17 | 0.159 | 0.27 | 0.87 | 0.67 |
| Butyric acid, % DM | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | <0.05 | — | — | — | — |
| Ethanol, % DM | 0.55 | 0.71 | 0.74 | 0.41 | 0.076 | 0.14 | 0.77 | <0.01 |
| 1,2-Propanediol, % DM | 0.05 | 0.18 | 0.11 | 0.18 | 0.020 | <0.01 | 0.02 | 0.02 |
| 2,3-Butanediol, % DM | 0.11 | 0.06 | 0.07 | 0.09 | 0.023 | 0.16 | 0.84 | 0.54 |
| LAB, log cfu/g as fed | 5.59 | 4.47 | 4.55 | 4.65 | 0.574 | 0.21 | 0.92 | 0.91 |
| Yeasts, log cfu/g as fed | 3.37 | 3.24 | 3.50 | 3.43 | 0.200 | 0.65 | 0.38 | 0.80 |
| Molds, log cfu/g as fed | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | <2.00 | — | — | — | — |
| Clostridia, log cfu/g as fed | 3.77 | 2.45 | 3.07 | 3.19 | 0.363 | 0.03 | 0.26 | 0.82 |
| Aerobic spores, log cfu/g as fed | 3.97 | 3.62 | 3.66 | 3.61 | 0.262 | 0.36 | 0.91 | 0.87 |
| DM loss, % | 3.96 | 3.63 | 3.56 | 3.58 | 0.138 | 0.12 | 0.75 | 0.95 |
| Aerobic stability, h | >240 | >240 | >240 | >240 | — | — | — | — |
1U, ensiled with urea; SMnf, ensiled without a protein supplement at ensiling but soybean meal supplemented at feeding; SM, ensiled with soybean meal; SG, ensiled with rolled soybean grain.
2DM content adjusted by addition of water.
3FC = DM (% as fed) + soluble carbohydrates (g/kg)/buffering capacity (g/kg).