Table 3.
Results From Effect Modification Models Investigating Whether Associations With Cognition Were Dependent on Level of Cognitive Stimulating Lifestyle (n = 350)
| Global cognition | Executive function | Episodic memory | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β ± SE | p Value | β ± SE | p Value | β ± SE | p Value | |
| Western pattern | ||||||
| Diet | 0.04 ± 0.24 | .835 | −0.22 ± 0.90 | .788 | −0.30 ± 0.18 | .082 |
| CSL | 1.95 ± 0.34 | <.001 | 4.13 ± 1.30 | .001 | 0.37 ± 0.26 | .119 |
| Diet × CSL | −0.61 ± 0.33 | .060 | 1.06 ± 1.25 | .376 | 0.06 ± 0.24 | .737 |
| Time | −0.28 ± 0.08 | .001 | −0.05 ± 0.36 | .742 | −0.17 ± 0.07 | .012 |
| Diet × Time | −0.26 ± 0.08 | .002 | −0.75 ± 0.36 | .035 | −0.04 ± 0.07 | .593 |
| CSL × Time | −0.17 ± 0.13 | .176 | −0.16 ± 0.58 | .593 | −0.04 ± 0.11 | .635 |
| Diet × CSL × Time | 0.22 ± 0.13 | .084 | 0.36 ± 0.56 | .489 | 0.03 ± 0.11 | .689 |
| Prudent pattern | ||||||
| Diet | 0.05 ± 0.26 | .785 | −0.36 ± 0.93 | .686 | 0.02 ± 0.19 | .776 |
| CSL | 2.00 ± 0.35 | <.001 | 3.96 ± 1.31 | .002 | 0.40 ± 0.26 | .094 |
| Diet × CSL | 0.09 ± 0.35 | .694 | 1.51 ± 1.24 | .212 | 0.12 ± 0.26 | .533 |
| Time | −0.29 ± 0.08 | .001 | −0.09 ± 0.37 | .714 | −0.17 ± 0.07 | .013 |
| Diet × Time | −0.02 ± 0.09 | .793 | −0.03 ± 0.40 | .783 | 0.02 ± 0.08 | .717 |
| CSL × Time | −0.14 ± 0.13 | .280 | −0.09 ± 0.58 | .664 | −0.04 ± 0.11 | .638 |
| Diet × CSL × Time | −0.06 ± 0.13 | .589 | 0.08 ± 0.58 | .696 | −0.01 ± 0.11 | .730 |
Notes: β = regression coefficient; CSL = cognitively stimulating lifestyle; SE = standard error. All models adjusted for total energy intake, age, sex, physical activity, smoking, body mass index, hypertension, and type 2 diabetes.