Table 1.
Sample Characteristics at Baseline, by Country
| Country | N | Word recall | Retirement age | Statutory retirement age (2017) | Baseline age | Low education | Medium education | High education | Female | Married |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M (SD) | M (SD) | M | M (SD) | % | % | % | % | % | ||
| Social-democratic | ||||||||||
| Sweden | 860 | 10.6 (2.8) | 64.2 (2.4) | 65.00 | 58.6 (3.5) | 33.5 | 33.6 | 32.9 | 54.1 | 82.8 |
| Denmark | 637 | 11.0 (2.9) | 62.4 (3.2) | 65.00 | 57.3 (3.7) | 8.8 | 38.3 | 55.4 | 53.4 | 77.4 |
| Conservative | ||||||||||
| Austria | 504 | 11.0 (3.6) | 60.0 (3.1) | 62.50 | 56.4 (3.5) | 14.3 | 50.8 | 34.9 | 53.4 | 70.4 |
| Belgium | 885 | 10.3 (3.1) | 60.4 (3.4) | 64.50 | 55.8 (3.6) | 31.1 | 31.6 | 37.3 | 45.2 | 76.8 |
| Germany | 529 | 10.5 (2.8) | 62.6 (3.0) | 65.00 | 57.6 (3.7) | 7.0 | 53.7 | 39.3 | 51 | 84.7 |
| France | 811 | 9.8 (3.1) | 60.2 (3.0) | 62.00 | 55.5 (3.3) | 23.6 | 44.8 | 31.7 | 49 | 72.5 |
| The Netherlands | 397 | 10.2 (3.2) | 61.7 (3.0) | 65.00 | 57.7 (3.3) | 36.0 | 24.9 | 39.0 | 41.1 | 89.2 |
| Switzerland | 549 | 11.0 (3.0) | 63.3 (2.9) | 64.50 | 58.8 (3.7) | 20.6 | 62.7 | 16.8 | 48.6 | 76 |
| Mediterranean | ||||||||||
| Greece | 465 | 9.4 (2.9) | 63.1 (3.7) | 65.00 | 56.5 (3.8) | 39.6 | 34.8 | 25.6 | 33.8 | 84.1 |
| Israel | 354 | 9.0 (3.0) | 63.1 (4.0) | 65.00 | 58.1 (3.6) | 24.6 | 38.1 | 37.3 | 59.6 | 86.7 |
| Italy | 445 | 8.8 (3.0) | 60.3 (3.7) | 62.50 | 56.1 (3.7) | 53.3 | 33.5 | 13.3 | 39.3 | 88.1 |
| Portugal | 85 | 8.0 (3.0) | 60.9 (3.8) | 65.00 | 58.8 (4.1) | 78.8 | 9.4 | 11.8 | 61.2 | 82.4 |
| Spain | 505 | 8.0 (3.3) | 62.1 (3.5) | 65.00 | 57.5 (4.1) | 66.3 | 16.8 | 16.8 | 37.2 | 87.5 |
| Eastern European | ||||||||||
| Poland | 233 | 8.7 (3.2) | 59.3 (3.5) | 62.50 | 55.0 (3.2) | 18.9 | 67.8 | 13.3 | 52.8 | 87.6 |
| Czech Republic | 684 | 10.1 (3.1) | 60.3 (2.8) | 64.25 | 57.2 (3.1) | 39.3 | 47.2 | 13.5 | 54.2 | 77.6 |
| Estonia | 518 | 10.0 (3.2) | 62.1 (3.4) | 63.00 | 59.8 (3.4) | 14.9 | 59.7 | 25.5 | 55.2 | 67 |
| Slovenia | 185 | 9.9 (3.2) | 59.1 (2.9) | 64.00 | 56.2 (2.7) | 16.2 | 61.6 | 22.2 | 47.6 | 80 |
| Total | 8,646 | 10.0 (3.2) | 61.6 (3.5) | 63.85 | 57.2 (3.8) | 29.0 | 41.7 | 29.4 | 48.9 | 79.5 |
| Country | Self-rated health | Depressive symptoms | Comorbidity | ERI | Low job control | Difficulty to make ends meet | ||||
| Social-democratic | ||||||||||
| Sweden | 2.3 (0.96) | 1.7 (1.7) | 30 | 0.95 (0.41) | 3.8 (1.3) | 10.3 | ||||
| Denmark | 2.2 (0.98) | 1.6 (1.8) | 34.5 | 0.96 (0.40) | 3.8 (1.4) | 10 | ||||
| Conservative | ||||||||||
| Austria | 2.5 (0.99) | 1.7 (1.8) | 28 | 0.99 (0.44) | 4.4 (1.5) | 15.9 | ||||
| Belgium | 2.6 (0.94) | 2.3 (2.1) | 33.7 | 0.98 (0.47) | 4.3 (1.4) | 21.9 | ||||
| Germany | 2.8 (0.96) | 1.7 (1.8) | 28.9 | 1.02 (0.47) | 4.1 (1.4) | 18.3 | ||||
| France | 2.7 (0.99) | 2.4 (2.0) | 27.9 | 0.97 (0.46) | 4.3 (1.6) | 29.2 | ||||
| The Netherlands | 2.6 (1.0) | 1.6 (1.7) | 22.9 | 0.87 (0.31) | 3.9 (1.1) | 12.8 | ||||
| Switzerland | 2.4 (0.93) | 1.8 (1.7) | 23 | 0.86 (0.37) | 4.0 (1.3) | 10 | ||||
| Mediterranean | ||||||||||
| Greece | 2.5 (0.84) | 1.5 (1.8) | 22.4 | 1.11 (0.46) | 4.7 (1.4) | 64.9 | ||||
| Israel | 2.7 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.9) | 37 | 0.97 (0.40) | 4.5 (1.3) | 53.7 | ||||
| Italy | 2.7 (0.96) | 2.1 (2.0) | 27 | 1.14 (0.49) | 4.7 (1.5) | 53.9 | ||||
| Portugal | 3.6 (0.76) | 2.7 (2.5) | 50.6 | 1.09 (0.44) | 4.5 (1.3) | 64.7 | ||||
| Spain | 2.8 (0.91) | 1.9 (2.1) | 27.5 | 0.99 (0.39) | 4.6 (1.3) | 45.3 | ||||
| Eastern European | ||||||||||
| Poland | 3.3 (0.92) | 2.9 (2.2) | 32.6 | 1.11 (0.44) | 5.0 (1.3) | 67.8 | ||||
| Czech Republic | 3.0 (0.92) | 1.7 (1.9) | 33 | 1.07 (0.43) | 4.6 (1.2) | 47.2 | ||||
| Estonia | 3.7 (0.81) | 2.6 (2.0) | 40 | 1.02 (0.40) | 4.6 (1.3) | 43.8 | ||||
| Slovenia | 2.9 (0.91) | 1.9 (1.6) | 25.9 | 1.05 (0.49) | 4.5 (1.2) | 51.9 | ||||
| Total | 2.7 (1.0) | 2.0 (1.9) | 30.2 | 0.99 (0.44) | 4.3 (1.4) | 31.1 |