Table 4.
Change in Well-being Over 2 Years and Type and Amount of Volunteering: Volunteers Compared With Non-Volunteers (Regression Coefficients and SEs)
| Depression | Life satisfaction | Quality of life | Social isolation | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Formal vs informal volunteeringa | ||||
| Formal | −0.173 (0.08)* | 0.489 (0.23)* | 0.699 (0.29)* | −0.020 (0.10) |
| Informal | −0.111 (0.09) | 0.181 (0.22) | 0.102 (0.32) | −0.082 (0.11) |
| Formal volunteering | ||||
| One activity | −0.014 (0.13) | 0.050 (0.42) | 0.563 (0.40) | −0.026 (0.13) |
| Two+ activities | −0.249 (0.06)*** | 0.458 (0.21)* | 0.756 (0.21)*** | −0.081 (0.07) |
| Informal volunteering | ||||
| One activity | −0.255 (0.09)** | 0.220 (0.30) | 0.191 (0.34) | −0.074 (0.11) |
| Two+ activities | −0.219 (0.08)** | 0.887 (0.32)** | 0.809 (0.27)** | −0.227 (0.08)** |
Notes: aFully controlled models additionally control for number of activities engaged in.
*p < .05. **p < .01. ***p < .001.