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. 2021 Jan 27;4(1):74–95. doi: 10.1021/acsptsci.0c00224

Table 1. Flavonoids and Their Therapeutic Applications in CNS.

flavonoid model biological target therapeutic effect ref
EGCG TgCRND8 mice soluble Aβ improved learning and memory (264)
  SAMP8 mice Aβ1–42, BACE-1, tau, rescued spatial learning (265)
  APPsw mice Aβ1–42, tau cognitive benefits (266)
  CUMS rats Aβ1–42, mTOR, p70S6K enhanced spatial learning and memory (267)
anthocyanins APdE9 mice APP processing alleviated behavioral and memory deficits (268)
curcumin THP-1 cells Egr1, TNFα, IL1β, MAPK ameliorate inflammation (269)
  PC12 cells Aβ42 protection from Aβ insult (270)
nobiletin APP-SL7–5 mice Aβ42, ERK improves memory impairment (271)
  3xTg-AD Aβ1–40, ROS reversal of impaired learning and memory (272)
  SAMP8 mice p-tau, SOD1, GPx ameliorates learning and memory deficits (273)
  AD rats Aβ42, PKA, CREB rescues memory deterioration (274)
resveratrol AD patients Aβ40, MMP9, IL-4, FGF-2 inhibits inflammation and cognitive decline (275)
baicalein Tg2576 mice APP improved cognitive performance (276)
myricetin AD rats AMPK, SIRT1 suppresses apoptosis, improves learning (277)
quercetin 3xTg-AD Aβ42, tau improves learning performance (278)
  3xTg-AD Aβ42, BACE1 strengthens spatial memory (279)
kaempferol AD rats SOD, GSH, TNFα, MDA improves spatial learning and memory (280)
silibinin Aβ treated rats BDNF/TrkB, autophagy ameliorates anxiety/depression behaviors (281)
apigenin APP/PS1 mice APP, BACE1, SOD1, GPx relieves learning and memory impairment (282)
rutin rat model ERK1, CREB, and BDNF rescues amyloid induced neurotoxicity (283)
wogonin 3xTg-AD mice APP, tau, cleaved PARP enhances neurite outgrowth and memory (284)
  SH-SY5Y cells APP, tau, mTOR may improve cognitive function (285)
fisetin 2x FAD mice Cdk5, ERK improves learning and memory deficits (286)
  SAMP8 mice Arc, GFAP, p35, SAPK/JNK delays aging and cognitive decline (287)
catechin PC12 cells reduces apoptosis and neurotoxicity (288)
7,8-DHF 5xFAD BACE1, Aβ, TrkB attenuates memory deficit (289)
  5xFAD TrkB restores synapses and memory (290)
morin 3xTg-AD mice GSK3β, tau, Aβ increased neuroprotection (291)
luteolin Tg2576 mice GSK3β, PS1, Aβ reduces Aβ toxicity (292)
diosmin Tg2576 mice Aβ42 reduces Aβ toxicity (292)
  3xTg-AD mice Aβ42, tau suppresses inflammation and memory loss (293)
diosmetin 3xTg-AD mice GSK3β, γ-secretase reduces inflammation and cognitive loss (293)
hesperetin Neuro-2A cells IR, Akt, GLUT3, GLUT4 regulates autophagy and metabolism (294)
hesperidin Neuro-2A cells IR, Akt, GLUT3, GLUT4 regulates autophagy and metabolism (294)
  APP/PS1 mice iNOS, TNFα, IL1β restores behavioral/social interaction (295)
puerarin SAD mice GPx, SOD, MDA regulates oxidative stress/memory decline (296)
  SAD mice caspase-3, p38, JNK, Bax reduces oxidative damage and apoptosis (297)
  APP/PS1 mice Nrf2, HO1, Akt, GSK-3β alleviates cognitive impairment (298)
naringenin rat model GSK-3, PPARγ, IR, Tau, Aβ42 facilitates spatial learning and memory (299)
naringin AD rats Ach, IL1β, mitochondria mitigates cognitive decline (300)
genistein SAD rats APP, Aβ42, tau restores autophagy, behavioral normalcy (301)