Figure 1.

Estimated regression line of contraceptive sales growth on previous year change in poverty. Note: Entire sample (black line). Countries with above-average out-of-pocket spending (grey line). Circles are country-year observations; circles from countries with above-average out-of-pocket spending are filled. Increases in poverty were associated with subsequent decreases in the growth of contraceptive retail sales, particularly among countries with above-average out-of-pocket spending.