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. 2019 Jul 18;27(1):228–247. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2019.1610277

Table 3. Association between different components of emotional support during childbirth and background characteristics among women giving birth in a facility (N = 503).

  Had a companion of choice during labour or childbirth Offered or allowed to give birth in the position of their choice Were allowed to eat and drink during labour Were allowed to be ambulatory during the first stages of labour
  % OR (CI) AOR (CI) % OR (CI) AOR (CI) % OR (CI) AOR (CI) % OR (CI) AOR (CI)
Age of woman
 15–24 57.6 Ref Ref 26.7 Ref Ref 34.7 Ref Ref 47.7 Ref Ref
 25–34 52.3 0.81
(0.56–1.2)
__ 26.6 0.99
(0.66–1.5)
__ 31.8 0.87
(0.60–1.3)
__ 44.4 0.87
(0.61–1.3)
__
 35+ 59.3 1.1
(0.48–2.4)
__ 25.9 0.96
(0.39–2.4)
__ 37.0 1.1
(0.49–2.5)
__ 44.4 0.88
(0.40–1.9)
__
Education
 0–9 years 58.3 Ref Ref 29.8 Ref Ref 34.1 Ref Ref 46.3 Ref Ref
 10 or more years 50.3 0.72
(0.50–1.0)
0.72
(0.47–1.1)
20.9 0.62
(0.40–0.96)
0.63
(0.39–1.0)
32.8 0.94
(0.64–1.4)
__ 45.8 0.98
(0.68–1.4)
__
Religion
 Muslim 57.2 Ref Ref 26.9 Ref Ref 33.9 Ref Ref 46.5 Ref Ref
 Other 5.9 0.05
(0.01–0.36)
0.05
(0.01–0.36)
17.7 0.58
(0.16–2.1)
__ 23.5 0.60 (0.19–1.9) __ 35.3 0.63
(0.23–1.7)
__
Family size
 ≤4 59.3 Ref Ref 32.7 Ref Ref 31.3 Ref Ref 48 Ref Ref
 ≥5 53.8 0.80
(0.54–1.2)
__ 24.1 0.65
(0.43–0.99)
0.66
(0.42–1.0)
34.6 1.2
(0.77–1.7)
__ 45.3 0.90
(0.61–1.3)
__
Parity
 Nulliparous 50.3 Ref Ref 22.3 Ref Ref 33.5 Ref Ref 50.3 Ref Ref
 Multiparous 58.7 1.4
(0.98–2.0)
1.2
(0.84–1.8)
29.4 1.5
(0.97–2.2)
1.4
(0.93–2.2)
33.9 1.0
(0.69–1.5)
__ 43.9 0.77
(0.54–1.1)
__
Type of birth attendant
 Nurses/midwives/paramedics 64.0 Ref Ref 36 Ref Ref 50 Ref Ref 66.0 Ref Ref
 Doctor 54.5 0.67
(0.37–1.2)
__ 25.6 0.61
(0.33–1.1)
0.55
(0.28–1.1)
31.8 0.47
(0.26–0.84)
0.53
(0.28–0.97)
44.0 0.40
(0.22–0.75)
0.48
(0.26–0.91)
Type of health facility
 Public facility 71.1 Ref Ref 31.1 Ref Ref 51.1 Ref Ref 66.7 Ref Ref
 Private facility 53.9 0.48
(0.24–0.93)
0.52
(0.26–0.99)
26.2 0.79
(0.40–1.5)
0.55
(0.29–1.0)
31.9 0.45
(0.24–0.83)
0.55
(0.29–1.0)
44.1 0.39
(0.21–0.75)
0.49
(0.25–0.97)
ANC from facility
 No 38.9 Ref Ref 13.7 Ref Ref 35.8 Ref Ref 45.3 Ref Ref
 Yes 59.3 2.3
(1.4–3.6)
2.5
(1.6–4.0)
29.7 2.7
(1.4–4.9)
2.6
(1.4–5.0)
33.1 0.89
(0.56–1.4)
__ 46.3 1.0
(0.67–1.6)
__
Husband living status
 Lives with wife 56.4 Ref Ref 25.5 Ref Ref 32.8 Ref Ref 43.2 Ref Ref
 Lives in other places within the country or abroad 54.5 0.93
(0.65–1.3)
__ 27.9 1.1
(0.76–1.7)
__ 34.4 1.1
(0.74–1.6)
__ 49.2 1.3
(0.89–1.8)
__
Income generating activities
 No 55.9 ref Ref 27.3 ref Ref 34.1 Ref Ref 46.4 Ref Ref
 Yes 43.8 0.61
(0.23–1.7)
__ 6.3 0.18
(0.02–1.4)
0.16
(0.02–1.3)
18.8 0.45
(0.13–1.6)
__ 37.5 0.69
(0.25–1.9)
__
Wealth quintile
 Lowest 70.6 Ref Ref 45.1 Ref Ref 51.0 Ref Ref 64.7 Ref Ref
 Second 53.3 0.48
(0.23–0.99)
0.50
(0.24–1.1)
23.3 0.37
(0.18–0.77)
0.37
(0.18–0.79)
32.2 0.46
(0.23–0.93)
0.47
(0.23–0.97)
45.6 0.46
(0.22–0.93)
0.47
(0.23–0.97)
 Middle 50 0.42
(0.20–0.86)
0.48
(0.22–1.0)
20.2 0.31
(0.15–0.65)
0.35
(0.16–0.75)
34.0 0.50
(0.25–0.99)
0.54
(0.27–1.1)
44.7 0.44
(0.22–0.89)
0.48
(0.24–0.99)
 Fourth 52.3 0.46
(0.22–0.93)
0.54
(0.25–1.1)
24.3 0.39
(0.19–0.79)
0.45
(0.22–0.94)
29.7 0.41
(0.21–0.81)
0.42
(0.21–0.84)
47.8 0.50
(0.25–0.99)
0.52
(0.26–1.0)
 Highest 57.3 0.56
(0.28–1.1)
0.69
(0.33–1.4)
28.0 0.47
(0.25–0.91)
0.62
(0.31–1.2)
31.2 0.44
(0.23–0.83)
0.48
(0.25–0.93)
40.1 0.37
(0.19–0.71)
0.41
(0.21–0.79)