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. 2019 Dec 30;27(1):69–82. doi: 10.1080/26410397.2019.1691897

Table 3. Syphilis screening recommendations in pregnant women, by level of maternal syphilis seroprevalence in country (n = 115 countries*).

  Maternal syphilis prevalence <1% (n = 73 countries) Maternal syphilis prevalence ≥1% (n = 42 countries) p-value
Universal screening
Recommended 71 (97%) 40 (95%) 0.57
Time of the first screening
At the first trimester 50 (69%) 12 (29%) <0.01
At the first ANC visit 17 (24%) 23 (55%)  
Not reported 6 (7%) 7 (16%)  
Repeat screening during pregnancy
Yes, universal 20 (27%) 20 (48%) <0.01
Yes, only high risk 45 (62%) 7 (16%)  
Not reported 8 (11%) 15 (36%)  
Screening during delivery
Yes, always 11(15%) 11 (26%) <0.01
Yes, if no evidence of prior screening 3 (4%) 2 (5%)  
Yes, if at risk 45 (62%) 10 (24%)  
Not reported 14 (19%) 19 (45%)  

*13 countries had no available maternal syphilis seroprevalence data.