Table 2.
Obstetrics and medical illness-related factors of the study participants of Hawassa University comprehensive Specialized Referral Hospital, Hawassa Sidama, 2019
| Variables | Category | Cases N (%) |
Controls N (%) |
p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Labor onset | Spontaneous | 66 (62.3) | 227 (71.4) | 0.078 |
| Induced | 40 (37.7) | 91 (28.6) | ||
| Mode of delivery | V/D | 73 (68.9) | 156 (49.1) | 0.003 |
| C/S | 33 (31.1) | 162 (50.9) | ||
| Length of labour | < 24 h | 66 (62.3) | 291 (91.5) | 0.0001 |
| > 24 h | 40 (37.7) | 27 (8.5) | ||
| Where at labor started | At home | 57 (53.8) | 230 (72.3) | 0.0004 |
| At facility | 49 (46.2) | 88 (27.7) | ||
| Obstructed labour | Yes | 24 (22.6) | 34 (10.7) | 0.002 |
| No | 82 (77.4) | 284 (89.3) | ||
| Oligo-hydramnios | Yes | 7 (6.6) | 21 (6.6) | 1.000 |
| No | 99 (93.4) | 297 (93.4) | ||
| Poly-hydramnios | Yes | 4 (3.8) | 5 (1.6) | 0.173 |
| No | 102 (96.2) | 313 (98.4) | ||
| multiple pregnancy | Yes | 4 (3.8) | 12 (3.8) | 1.000 |
| No | 102 (96.2) | 306 (96.2) | ||
| APH | Yes | 40 (37.7) | 56 (17.6) | 0.0001 |
| No | 66 (62.3) | 262 (82.4) | ||
| PROM | Yes | 32 (30.2) | 85 (26.7) | 0.490 |
| No | 74 (69.8) | 233 (73.3) | ||
| Chorioamnionitis | Yes | 14 (13.2) | 31 (9.7) | 0.137 |
| No | 92 (86.8) | 287 (90.3) | ||
| PIHTN | Yes | 29 (27.4) | 58 (18.2) | 0.044 |
| No | 77 (72.6) | 260 (81.8) | ||
| Anemia | Yes | 33 (31.1) | 50 (15.7) | 0.001 |
| No | 73 (68.9) | 268 (84.3) | ||
| GDM | Yes | 8 (7.5) | 13 (4.1) | 0.155 |
| No | 98 (92.5) | 305 (95.9) | ||
| HIV/AIDS | R | 9 (8.5) | 38 (11.9) | 0.326 |
| NR | 97 (91.5) | 280 (88.1) | ||
| Syphilis status | Positive | 5 (4.7) | 26 (8.2) | 0.236 |
| Negative | 101 (95.3) | 292 (91.8) | ||
| UTI | Yes | 12 (11.3) | 35 (11.0) | 0.929 |
| No | 94 (88.7) | 283 (89.0) | ||
| Malaria | Yes | 4 (3.8) | 16 (5.0) | 0.597 |
| No | 102 (96.2) | 302 (95.0) |
Notes: APH Antepartum hemorrhage, PROM (Premature rupture of membranes), PIHTN (pregnancy-induced hypertension), GHTN (Gestational hypertension, chronic hypertension) N = number while (%) represents percentages, GDM Gestational diabetes mellitus