Table 3.
Comparison of Previous Studies and the Current Study
| System architecture | Medication history | CDS | Patient privacy | System security | AI and Blockchain capability | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Previous studies (Deetjen, 2016; Kierkegaard, 2013; Samadbeik et al., 2017; Timonen et al., 2018) | Canada | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC |
| United States | D | ✓ | ✓ | XA | XA | XA | |
| United Kingdom | C | ✓ | ✓ | XA | XA | XA | |
| Spain | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | |
| Denmark | C | ✓ | ✓ | XA | XA | XA | |
| Sweden | C | ✓ | ✓ | XA | XA | XA | |
| Australia | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | |
| Japan | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | XC | |
| Current study | Canada | C | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | AI |
| United States | D | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | |
| United Kingdom | C | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | AI | |
| Spain | C | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | AI | |
| Denmark | C | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | |
| Sweden | C | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | |
| Australia | D | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | AI | |
| Japan | D | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | ✓ | X | |
AI and Blockchain capability: AI, the infrastructure for AI exist; X, not ready.
AI, artificial intelligence; C, centralized system; CDS, clinical decision support; D, decentralized; XA, information about the aspect not included in the study; XC, the country is not included in the study; ✓, information about this aspect was included in the study.