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. 2021 Feb 3;11:615250. doi: 10.3389/fendo.2020.615250

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Copyright © 2021 Mei, Lou, You, Jiang, Yu and Guo

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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17β-E2 induced mitophagy through the SIRT1-mediated AMPK/mTOR pathway in ATDC5 chondrocytes. The ATDC5 chondrocytes were treated with 17β-E2 (0 M or 1 × 10^-7 M), with or without pretreatment with NAM, AMPK inhibitor, mTOR inhibitor, p38 inhibitor, and JNK inhibitor. Then, the expression of p-AMPK (A), p-mTOR (B), p-p38 (C), and p-JNK (D) in ATDC5 chondrocytes was measured by Western blot analysis. β-actin was used as an internal control to normalize the data. Data are presented as the mean ± SD of three independent experiments. *P < 0.05 versus the control group indicated a significant difference.