TABLE 4.

Description of genes whose transcript level changed in response to the application of biostimulants based on protein hydrolysates and other nitrogen-containing compounds to plants under abiotic stress.

Gene/gene expression time	Biostimulant type	Abiotic stress type	Crop/gene expression organ	References
Solyc02g084840, Solyc03g025810/3 to 11 days after application of treatment	A mixture of amino acids, proteins, vitamins, and betaines	Drought	Tomato/leaves	Petrozza et al., 2014a
ZmPAL/12 days after stress	Hydrolysate of alfalfa plants, triacontanol, and indole 3-acetic acid	Salinity	Maize/leaves	Ertani and Schiavon, 2013
ZmNRT2.1, ZmNRT2.2, ZmNRT2.3, ZmNAR2.2, ZmNRT1.1, ZmNRT1b, ZmNRT, ZmSOD1A, ZmRbohA, ZmRbohC/3 days after stress	Protein hydrolysate	Hypoxia, salinity, nutrient deficiency	Maize/roots	Trevisan et al., 2019
BI-1, MAPK1, WRKY53, CAT1, GPX, SOD, ATG1, ATG2, ATG4, ATG6, ATG7, ATG8, ATG9, ATG10, ATG13/not specified	Panchagavya	Salinity	Rice/leaves	Khan et al., 2018
CAT, MnSOD, WRKY53, BI-1/not specified	Panchagavya	Salinity	Rice/leaves	Khan et al., 2017
Cla018095, Cla010664, Cla004567, Cla009820, Cla012125, Cla003187, Cla021039, Cla007826, Cla013224, Cla001877, Cla001590, Cla006037/not specified	Melatonin	Vanadium toxicity	Watermelon/roots	Nawaz et al., 2018
HEMA1, CHLH, POR/10 days after treatment	5-Aminolevulinic acid	Salinity	Cucumber/roots	Wu et al., 2018