TABLE 5.

Description of genes whose transcript level changed in response to the application of biostimulants based on humic acids and chitosan and other biopolymers to plants under abiotic stress.

Gene/gene expression time	Biostimulant type	Abiotic stress type	Crop/gene expression organ	References
ZmPAL1/48 h after treatment	Hummus of Nicodrilus caliginosus	None	Maize/leaves	Schiavon et al., 2010
HSP101, HSP81.1, HSP26.5, HSP23.6, HSP17.6A/9h after application of humic acid	Humic acids	Heat	Arabidopsis/not specified	Cha et al., 2020
SnRK2.2, MDH, WRKY DNA-binding transcription factors family/6 days after stress	Humic acids (vermicompost)	Weak acids	Maize/root	Baía et al., 2020
SETIT_021707mg, SETIT_016840mg, SETIT_ 015030mg, SETIT_004913mg, SETIT_016654mg/5 days after stress	Humic acid	Drought	Foxtail millet/leaves	Shen et al., 2020
GME, AO, ALDH, GST, G6PDH, CYS-GYL, C4H, CHS, F3′5′H, F3H/4 and 8 days under stress	Fulvic acid	Drought	Camellia sinensis/shoots	Sun et al., 2020
CCoAOMT, CAB37, AGT1, At4g26520/0, 4, 8, and 12 days after stress	Fulvic acid	Drought	Paeonia ostii/leaves	Fang et al., 2020
SOD, JA/48 h after treatment	nCu-chitosan-PVA and chitosan-PVA complex	Salinity	Tomato/leaves	Hernández-Hernández et al., 2018
AOX1/3 days after treatment	Chitosan	Salinity	Maize/leaves	Turk, 2019
CAT3/24 h after treatment	Xyloglucan oligosaccharides	Salinity	Arabidopsis/leaves	González-Pérez et al., 2018
GH3/24 h after treatment	Chitosan oligosaccharide	Cold	Camellia sinensis/leaves	Li et al., 2020e
CAT, APX, POD, SOD, GmSALT3, CHS/12 days of growth	Chitosan modified biochar	Salinity	Soybean/plant tissue	Mehmood et al., 2020