Table 4.
Order logit regression of health status in middle and later life on childhood circumstances and adulthood characteristics.
| Variable | Model 4 | Model 5 | Model 6 |
|---|---|---|---|
| Base case | Included education and personal income in 2015 | Included health status in 2013 | |
| 2014–2015 sample | 2014–2015 sample | 2013–2015 sample | |
| Self-reported health status, before age 15 (poor as the base) | |||
| Fair | 0.620*** | 0.606*** | 0.371*** |
| (0.070) | (0.070) | (0.073) | |
| Good | 0.787*** | 0.778*** | 0.448*** |
| (0.072) | (0.072) | (0.075) | |
| Ever experienced hunger, from birth to age 5 | −0.125*** | −0.109** | −0.036 |
| (0.044) | (0.044) | (0.046) | |
| Family financial status before age 17 (worse as the base) | |||
| Fair | 0.342*** | 0.310*** | 0.164*** |
| (0.046) | (0.046) | (0.048) | |
| Better | 0.471*** | 0.360*** | 0.173** |
| (0.079) | (0.080) | (0.082) | |
| Mother's educational attainment | 0.011 | −0.002 | −0.010 |
| (0.011) | (0.011) | (0.011) | |
| Father's educational attainment | 0.022*** | 0.010 | 0.005 |
| (0.007) | (0.007) | (0.007) | |
| Received any vaccinations, before age 15 | 0.111* | 0.027 | 0.082 |
| (0.063) | (0.064) | (0.066) | |
| Experienced inconvenience in visiting a doctor, from birth to age 15 | −0.354*** | −0.324*** | −0.178** |
| (0.076) | (0.076) | (0.080) | |
| Adverse childhood experiences (0 Aces as the base) | |||
| 1 ACE | −0.147** | −0.151*** | −0.075 |
| (0.058) | (0.058) | (0.060) | |
| 2-3 ACEs | −0.323*** | −0.316*** | −0.148*** |
| (0.052) | (0.052) | (0.054) | |
| 4+ ACEs | −0.702*** | −0.684*** | −0.462*** |
| (0.065) | (0.065) | (0.068) | |
| Mother's longevity, in 2015 | 0.005*** | 0.005*** | 0.002 |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Father's longevity, in 2015 | 0.006*** | 0.005*** | 0.002 |
| (0.002) | (0.002) | (0.002) | |
| Mother still living, in 2015 | 0.117** | 0.095* | 0.078 |
| (0.055) | (0.055) | (0.057) | |
| Father still living, in 2015 | 0.069 | 0.095 | 0.140** |
| (0.067) | (0.067) | (0.069) | |
| Educational attainment | 0.040*** | 0.021*** | |
| (0.006) | (0.006) | ||
| Personal annual income, in 2015 (above the median as the base) | 0.402*** | 0.214*** | |
| (0.043) | (0.045) | ||
| Health status in 2013 (1st decile of health index as the base) | |||
| 2nd decile of the health index | 1.373*** | ||
| (0.076) | |||
| 3rd decile of the health index | 2.427*** | ||
| (0.079) | |||
| 4th decile of the health index | 3.257*** | ||
| (0.083) | |||
| 5th decile of the health index | 4.402*** | ||
| (0.090) | |||
| Age in 2015 | −0.038*** | −0.037*** | −0.023*** |
| (0.003) | (0.003) | (0.003) | |
| Gender | −0.631*** | −0.465*** | −0.256*** |
| (0.042) | (0.045) | (0.047) | |
| Constants | Yes | Yes | Yes |
| N | 7,476 | 7,476 | 7,476 |
| Pseudo R2 | 0.0414 | 0.0478 | 0.1839 |
Standard errors in parentheses.
*
p < 0.1,
**
p < 0.05,
***
p < 0.01.