FIGURE 1.

Initiation of nascent FAs upon the integrin activation by talin and kindlin via “inside‐out” signaling. Activated GTPase Rap1 recruits talin to the membrane site. Talin becomes activated by membrane PIP₂ and exposes talin‐F3 domain to bind integrin. Kindlin also binds integrin via its F3 domain and cooperates with talin to fully activate integrin. Talin stretches in the presence of mechanical force and together with kindlin triggers multiple axes including “talin‐vinculin”, “talin‐paxillin” “kindlin‐paxillin‐FAK” and “kindlin‐ILK‐parvin‐pinch”, to initiate FA assembly, and regulate actin cytoskeleton remodeling and dynamic cell adhesion