Table 1:
Baseline Characteristics (N=317)
| Normal LV systolic function (n=244, 77%) | Occult LV systolic dysfunction (n=44, 14%) | Overt LV systolic dysfunction (n=27, 6%) | p | p* | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 37 (26–47) | 38 (29–49) | 39 (28–51) | 0.7 | 0.9 |
| Male | 103 (42%) | 19 (43%) | 11 (41%) | 0.6 | 0.8 |
| Body mass index, kg/m2 | 26±5 | 27±6 | 28±3 | 0.1 | 0.3 |
| Prior tricuspid valve surgery | 49 (21%) | 11 (16%) | 9 (13%) | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| NYHA I | 24 (11%) [n=215] | 1 (3%) [n=38] | --- | 0.1 | --- |
| NYHA II | 123 (57%) [n=215] | 12 (32%) [n=38] | 9 (26%) [n=26] | 0.004 | 0.8 |
| NYHA III-IV | 68 (32%) [n=215] | 25 (66%) [n=38] | 17 (65%) [n=26] | 0.001 | 0.9 |
| Comorbidities | |||||
| Atrial flutter/tachycardia | 39 (16%) | 14 (32%) | 7 (26%) | 0.01 | 0.3 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 34 (14%) | 18 (41%) | 13 (48%) | <0.001 | 0.4 |
| Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia | 7 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 1 (4%) | 0.6 | 0.9 |
| Hypertension | 41 (17%) | 7 (16%) | 5 (19%) | 0.5 | 0.8 |
| Coronary artery disease | 6 (3%) | 2 (5%) | 2 (8%) | 0.6 | 0.7 |
| Medications | |||||
| Loop diuretics | 39 (16%) | 14 (32%) | 10 (37%) | 0.01 | 0.2 |
| Beta blockers | 47 (19%) | 18 (41%) | 21 (78%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| ACEI/ARB | 24 (10%) | 14 (32%) | 20 (74%) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
| Aldosterone antagonist | --- | 7 (16%) | 19 (33%) | --- | 0.08 |
NYHA: New York Heart Association; ACEI: Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB: Angiotensin II receptor blockers;
p value denotes comparison between Normal LV systolic function and Occult LV systolic dysfunction groups while p* denotes comparison between Occult LV systolic dysfunction and Overt LV systolic function groups