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. 2021 Feb 10;10:e63745. doi: 10.7554/eLife.63745

Table 2. Univariate associations between demographics and serum proteins.

UIH (n = 29) Project viva (n = 358)
β (95% CI) p-value β (95% CI) p-value
PGLYRP-1 Z-score*
Number of risk factors −0.54 (–0.88, –0.19) 0.005 −0.22 (–0.36, –0.07) 0.003
Maternal race: White (ref) 0 (ref) 0 (ref)
Maternal race: Black 0.01 (–0.83, 0.86) 0.97 0.15 (–0.16, 0.46) 0.34
Maternal race: Hispanic 1.03 (0.05, 2.01) 0.04 0.40 (–0.07, 0.86) 0.10
Maternal race: Other 1.54 (–0.46, 3.54) 0.12 0.10 (–0.25, 0.46) 0.57
Maternal atopy −0.14 (–0.92, 0.64) 0.72 0.06 (–0.16, 0.28) 0.58
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI −0.03 (–0.09, 0.02) 0.25 0.01 (–0.01, 0.03) 0.56
Maternal smoking: never (ref) 0 (ref) 0 (ref)
Maternal smoking: former 0.09 (–0.92, 1.12) 0.84 −0.16 (–0.44, 0.11) 0.25
Maternal smoking: during pregnancy −0.12 (–0.47, 0.22) 0.48
Maternal college graduate 0.07 (–0.80, 0.93) 0.87 −0.12 (–0.34, 0.10) 0.27
Any antibiotic use during pregnancy 0.20 (-0.02, 0.43) 0.08
Gestational age weeks 0.25 (–0.01, 0.51) 0.06 0.12 (0.06, 0.19) 0.0003
Birthweight adj GA and Sex (Z-score) 0.33 (–1.07, 1.74) 0.63 0.03 (–0.09, 0.14) 0.66
Female 0.39 (–0.37, 1.15) 0.30 0.31 (0.11, 0.52) 0.003
C-section −0.08 (–0.89, 0.74) 0.85 −0.29 (–0.55, –0.02) 0.03
Child’s race: White (ref) 0 (ref)
Child’s race: Black 0.16 (–0.14, 0.46) 0.31
Child’s race: Hispanic 0.18 (–0.31, 0.68) 0.46
Child’s race: Other 0.06 (-0.27, 0.38) 0.73
sIL6Rα Z-score*
Number of risk factors −0.14 (–0.54, –0.25) 0.48 0.02 (–0.13, 0.16) 0.81
Maternal race: White (ref) 0 (ref) 0 (ref)
Maternal race: Black −1.04 (–1.90, –0.19) 0.02 −0.29 (–0.60, 0.02) 0.07
Maternal race: Hispanic −0.36 (–1.34, 0.62) 0.45 0.34 (-0.12, 0.80) 0.15
Maternal race: Other 0.4 (–1.61, 2.42) 0.68 −0.03 (–0.39, 0.32) 0.85
Maternal atopy −0.23 (–1.01, 0.54) 0.55 −0.08 (–0.30, 0.14) 0.47
Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI −0.04 (–0.10, 0.01) 0.12 0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) 0.72
Maternal smoking: never (ref) 0 (ref) 0 (ref)
Maternal smoking: former −0.90 (–1.86, 0.06) 0.07 −0.23 (–0.50, 0.05) 0.10
Maternal smoking: during pregnancy −0.12 (–0.46, 0.22) 0.48
Maternal college graduate 0.44 (–0.41, 1.29) 0.29 −0.02 (–0.24, 0.19) 0.84
Any antibiotic use during pregnancy 0.04 (–0.19, 0.26) 0.76
Gestational age weeks −0.11 (–0.39, 0.17) 0.43 −0.04 (–0.10, 0.03) 0.29
Birthweight adj GA and sex (Z-score) −0.15 (–1.57, 1.26) 0.82 −0.07 (–0.18, 0.04) 0.23
Female 0.48 (–0.28, 1.23) 0.21 0.05 (–0.16, 0.26) 0.63
C-section −0.60 (–1.38, 0.18) 0.12 −0.14 (–0.41, 0.12) 0.29
Child’s race: White (ref) 0 (ref)
Child’s race: Black −0.24 (–0.54, 0.05) 0.11
Child’s race: Hispanic 0.27 (–0.22, 0.76) 0.28
Child’s race: Other 0.02 (–0.30, 0.34) 0.90

*Serum protein concentrations for UIH and Project Viva were log10 transformed and converted into an internal Z-score.

Number of risk factors determined by preterm birth, maternal BMI > 29.9, male, birthweight (z-score) < −1.