Table 2. Univariate associations between demographics and serum proteins.
| UIH (n = 29) | Project viva (n = 358) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | p-value | β (95% CI) | p-value | |
| PGLYRP-1 Z-score* | ||||
| Number of risk factors† | −0.54 (–0.88, –0.19) | 0.005 | −0.22 (–0.36, –0.07) | 0.003 |
| Maternal race: White (ref) | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) | ||
| Maternal race: Black | 0.01 (–0.83, 0.86) | 0.97 | 0.15 (–0.16, 0.46) | 0.34 |
| Maternal race: Hispanic | 1.03 (0.05, 2.01) | 0.04 | 0.40 (–0.07, 0.86) | 0.10 |
| Maternal race: Other | 1.54 (–0.46, 3.54) | 0.12 | 0.10 (–0.25, 0.46) | 0.57 |
| Maternal atopy | −0.14 (–0.92, 0.64) | 0.72 | 0.06 (–0.16, 0.28) | 0.58 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | −0.03 (–0.09, 0.02) | 0.25 | 0.01 (–0.01, 0.03) | 0.56 |
| Maternal smoking: never (ref) | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) | ||
| Maternal smoking: former | 0.09 (–0.92, 1.12) | 0.84 | −0.16 (–0.44, 0.11) | 0.25 |
| Maternal smoking: during pregnancy | – | – | −0.12 (–0.47, 0.22) | 0.48 |
| Maternal college graduate | 0.07 (–0.80, 0.93) | 0.87 | −0.12 (–0.34, 0.10) | 0.27 |
| Any antibiotic use during pregnancy | – | – | 0.20 (-0.02, 0.43) | 0.08 |
| Gestational age weeks | 0.25 (–0.01, 0.51) | 0.06 | 0.12 (0.06, 0.19) | 0.0003 |
| Birthweight adj GA and Sex (Z-score) | 0.33 (–1.07, 1.74) | 0.63 | 0.03 (–0.09, 0.14) | 0.66 |
| Female | 0.39 (–0.37, 1.15) | 0.30 | 0.31 (0.11, 0.52) | 0.003 |
| C-section | −0.08 (–0.89, 0.74) | 0.85 | −0.29 (–0.55, –0.02) | 0.03 |
| Child’s race: White (ref) | – | – | 0 (ref) | |
| Child’s race: Black | – | – | 0.16 (–0.14, 0.46) | 0.31 |
| Child’s race: Hispanic | – | – | 0.18 (–0.31, 0.68) | 0.46 |
| Child’s race: Other | – | – | 0.06 (-0.27, 0.38) | 0.73 |
| sIL6Rα Z-score* | ||||
| Number of risk factors† | −0.14 (–0.54, –0.25) | 0.48 | 0.02 (–0.13, 0.16) | 0.81 |
| Maternal race: White (ref) | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) | ||
| Maternal race: Black | −1.04 (–1.90, –0.19) | 0.02 | −0.29 (–0.60, 0.02) | 0.07 |
| Maternal race: Hispanic | −0.36 (–1.34, 0.62) | 0.45 | 0.34 (-0.12, 0.80) | 0.15 |
| Maternal race: Other | 0.4 (–1.61, 2.42) | 0.68 | −0.03 (–0.39, 0.32) | 0.85 |
| Maternal atopy | −0.23 (–1.01, 0.54) | 0.55 | −0.08 (–0.30, 0.14) | 0.47 |
| Maternal pre-pregnancy BMI | −0.04 (–0.10, 0.01) | 0.12 | 0.00 (–0.02, 0.02) | 0.72 |
| Maternal smoking: never (ref) | 0 (ref) | 0 (ref) | ||
| Maternal smoking: former | −0.90 (–1.86, 0.06) | 0.07 | −0.23 (–0.50, 0.05) | 0.10 |
| Maternal smoking: during pregnancy | – | – | −0.12 (–0.46, 0.22) | 0.48 |
| Maternal college graduate | 0.44 (–0.41, 1.29) | 0.29 | −0.02 (–0.24, 0.19) | 0.84 |
| Any antibiotic use during pregnancy | – | – | 0.04 (–0.19, 0.26) | 0.76 |
| Gestational age weeks | −0.11 (–0.39, 0.17) | 0.43 | −0.04 (–0.10, 0.03) | 0.29 |
| Birthweight adj GA and sex (Z-score) | −0.15 (–1.57, 1.26) | 0.82 | −0.07 (–0.18, 0.04) | 0.23 |
| Female | 0.48 (–0.28, 1.23) | 0.21 | 0.05 (–0.16, 0.26) | 0.63 |
| C-section | −0.60 (–1.38, 0.18) | 0.12 | −0.14 (–0.41, 0.12) | 0.29 |
| Child’s race: White (ref) | – | – | 0 (ref) | |
| Child’s race: Black | – | – | −0.24 (–0.54, 0.05) | 0.11 |
| Child’s race: Hispanic | – | – | 0.27 (–0.22, 0.76) | 0.28 |
| Child’s race: Other | – | – | 0.02 (–0.30, 0.34) | 0.90 |
*Serum protein concentrations for UIH and Project Viva were log10 transformed and converted into an internal Z-score.
†Number of risk factors determined by preterm birth, maternal BMI > 29.9, male, birthweight (z-score) < −1.