Table 1.
Laboratory adhesion studies in eroded substrates included in the scoping review.
| Author | Country | Substrate | Sample size | Adhesive | Intervention | Test | Statistical Significance* |
Conclusion |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Siqueira et al. [32] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 7 | Prime&Bond Elect Scotchbond U AdheSE U |
Use of primers containing MMP inhibitors RFV and PAA | µTBS (24h and 24 months) Nanoleakage Nanohardness |
Significant | The inclusion of cross-linking agents contributed to improving the immediate properties and stabilized the adhesive interface long-term. |
| Ferreti et al. [33] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Clearfil SE | Cigarette smoke exposure and erosive protocol on bond strength and nanohardness | µSBS (24h) SEM Microhardness |
Not significant | The erosive protocol studied did not alter the bond strength of the self-etch, when compared to sound dentin. |
| Krithi et al. [34] |
India | Dentin | n = 15 | Adper SB 2 Clearfil SE |
Effect of remineralization of NaF, CPP-AP and NovaMin | µSBS (24h) |
Significant | The type of adhesive influences bond strength to eroded dentin. Sodium fluoride and NovaMin showed improvement in bond strength results. |
| Murase et al. [35] |
Japan | Enamel Dentin |
n = 10 | Fusio Liquid Dentin LLB-CR6 Clearfil SE Bond |
Test a new bond strength setup and self-adhesive composites to eroded enamel/dentin | TBS (24h) Microhardness |
Significant | Self-adhesive flowable composites show no differences between eroded and non-eroded substrates and may be a viable strategy clinically. |
| Costa et al. [36] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 6 | Clearfil SE | Pretreatment with MMP inhibitors epigallocatechin-3-gallate and 2% CHX | µTBS (24h and 6 months) |
Significant | The use of 2% chlorhexidine digluconate negatively affected eroded and non-eroded substrates, while epigallocatechin showed no difference. |
| Yabuki et al. [37] |
Japan | Enamel | n = 10 | AdheSE U All Bond U Scotchbond U |
Different universal adhesives in eroded enamel | SBS (24h) CLSM |
Significant | Bond strength to eroded enamel, in all adhesives, is higher than to sound enamel. |
| Zumstein et al. [38] |
Switzerland | Dentin | n = 23 | Clearfil SE Scotchbond U |
Pretreatment with SnCl2/AmF | µTBS (24h and 12 months) |
Significant | Bonding to eroded dentin is significantly lower than to sound. The pretreatment was not signifcant. No differences among adhesives, but aging was significantly lower. |
| Siqueira et al. [39] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 8 | Adper SB 2 Scotchbond U |
Effect of deproteinization (5.2% NaOCl) | µTBS (24h and 36 months) Nanoleakage |
Significant |
Deproteinization influences the stability of a resin-eroded dentin interface in the tested adhesives. |
| Moda et al. [40] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 9 | RelyX U200 | Effect of 3 surface treatments: EDTA, 20% polyacrylic acid and 2% CHX | µTBS (24h and 8 months) |
Significant | In general, the surface pretreatments promoted an increase in bond strength to the eroded substrate, immediate and long-term. |
| Augusto et al. [41] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | FuturaBond M+ | The effect of different application modes of a universal adhesive to eroded, deproteinized and abraded dentin | µTBS (24h and 6 months) |
Significant | NaOCl at 10% as a deproteinizing agent increased the bond strength results and maintained stability to eroded dentin. Differences were found regarding the application mode. |
| Siqueira et al. [42] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 5 | AdheSE U AllBond Universal Ambar Universal Clearfil Universal Futurabond U One Coat 7 U Peak Universal B Prime & Bond Elect Scotchbond U Xeno Select |
Effect of different universal adhesives on eroded dentin | µTBS (24h) |
Significant | MDP-containing adhesives showed better results in both application modes in sound and eroded substrates. |
| Deari et al. [43] |
Switzerland | Dentin | n = 6 | Optibond FL | Effect of different pretreatments: bur abrasion, 10% NaOCl, 2% CHX and prolonged application of the primer (60 s) | µTBS (24h) |
Significant | Bur abrasion and pretreatment with NaOCl achieved higher bond strengths to eroded dentin. |
| Forgerini et al. [44] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Adper SB Plus Clearfil SE Scotchbond U |
Immediate and long-term performance of a universal adhesive | µSBS (24h and 6 months) |
Significant | The performance is irrespective of application mode, however it is less effective in eroded dentin. |
| Flury et al. [45] |
Switzerland | Dentin | n = 16 | Scotchbond 1 XT Optibond FL |
Artificially eroded samples with or without 1% BAC incorporation | SBS (24h and 12 months) SEM |
Significant | BAC increased the 24 h SBS to eroded dentin and had no effect on the 12 month results. |
| Frattes et al. [46] |
Brazil | Enamel Dentin | n = 22 | Scotchbond U | Erosive conditions and acid-etching | µTBS (24h) SEM |
Significant | Erosive challenge increased µTBS for the adhesive to enamel but not to dentin. |
| Giacomini et al. [47] |
Brazil and USA | Dentin | n = 90 | Adper SB Universal | Erosive conditions, acid etching and pretreatment with 2% CHX | µTBS (24h) |
Significant | All tested factors were significant. Lower µTBS in artificial carious dentin and eroded dentin. |
| Bergamin et al. [48] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Adper SB 2 Clearfil SE |
Pretreatment with an arginine-containing toothpaste followed by different adhesives | µTBS (24h) |
Not significant | No differences were found between toothpastes, adhesives or interaction between both in eroded dentin. |
| Maeda et al. [49] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Adper SB 2 Adper SE Plus |
Nd:YAG laser irradiation and its effect on bond strength to eroded and non-eroded substrate | SBS (24h) |
Significant | Under erosive challenge, Nd:YAG laser seems to be beneficial in improving bond strength. An etch-and-rinse approach is preferred. |
| Giacomini et al. [50] |
Brazil | Enamel | n = 8 | Adper Scotchbond Adper SB 2 Clearfil SE |
Effect of different adhesives on eroded and abraded enamel | µTBS (24h) |
Significant | Bond strength to eroded enamel is not affected, although it is material-dependent. Authors state phosphoric acid suffices in this substrate. |
| Francisconi-dos-Rios et al. [51] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 7 | Adper SB 2 | Pretreatment with 2% CHX solution on bond strength to eroded dentin compared to sound dentin | µTBS (24h and 6 months) CLSM |
Significant | Eroded dentin had lower µTBS. 2% CHX on bond strength conservation to both eroded and sound dentin was not effective except after 6 months aging. |
| Cruz et al. [52] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Adper Easy One Adper SB 2 Clearfil SE |
Effect of different adhesives and different time points on eroded and sound dentin | µSBS (24h and 6 months) |
Not significant | No differences in bonding performance of the adhesives tested. |
| Machado et al. [53] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 10 | Adper SB 2 | Pretreatment with 2% CHX as an MMP inhibitor | µSBS (1 and 6 months) |
Significant | 2% CHX was not effective neither on sound nor eroded dentin at 1 and 6 months. |
| Wang et al. [13] |
Brazil | Enamel | n = 13 | Adper SB 2 | Simulating abrasion with toothbrushing, erosion and erosion + abrasion simultaneously | µTBS (24h) |
Not significant | Neither erosive nor abrasive lesions resulting from the in situ challenges affected the resin-enamel bonding. |
| Casas-Apayco et al. [54] |
Brazil | Enamel | n = 8 | Adper SB 2 | Effect of different cola drinks on the adhesion to eroded enamel | µTBS (24h) |
Significant | All cola drinks reduced the bond strength to enamel. |
| Flury et al. [55] |
Switzerland | Dentin | n = 20 | Clearfil SE | Pretreatment with NaF or SnF on eroded dentin | µTBS (24h) and SEM |
Significant | Treatment of erosively demineralized dentin with a NaF solution or SnF mouth rinse increased bond strength of resin composite. |
| Lenzi et al. [56] |
Netherlands | Enamel | n = 12 | Adper SB 2 Vitro fil LC |
Comparison of an etch-and-rinse adhesive to a resin-modified glass ionomer cement in eroded enamel | SBS (24h) |
Significant | When bonding to eroded enamel, bond strength of the etch-and-rinse increases while the glass ionomer shows no difference. |
| Ramos et al. [57] |
Brazil and Germany | Dentin | n = 104 | Clearfil SE Scotchbond U |
Pretreatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation | µTBS (24h) and SEM |
Significant | The surface treatment with Er,Cr:YSGG laser prior to bonding with a self-etching adhesive system improves bond strength to eroded dentin. |
| Zimmerli et al. [58] |
Switzerland | Dentin | n = 20 | Clearfil SE Optibond FL |
Surface preparation techniques on eroded dentin | µTBS (24h and 12 months) and SEM |
Significant | Erosion reduced bond strength in all groups but this effect was less prominent when eroded dentin was prepared by diamond bur. |
| Cruz et al. [59] |
Brazil | Dentin | n = 6 | Adper SB 2 Ketac Molar Easy Mix Vitremer |
Comparison of an etch-and-rinse to glass ionomer cements in eroded dentin | µSBS (24h) |
Not significant | All materials behaved equally when comparing eroded to non-eroded substrates. |
*Significance was considered if the null hypothesis of the study was rejected by statistical analysis. µSBS: microshear bond strength; µTBS: Microtensile bond strength; AmF: amide fluoride; BAC: benzalkonium chloride; CHX: chlorhexidine; CLSM: Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy; CPP-AP: casein phosphopeptide-amorphous calcium phosphate nanocomplex; EDTA : ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid; Er,Cr:YSGG: erbium, chromium: yattrium-scandium-gallium-garnet laser; LLB-CR6: experimental adhesive; NaOCl: sodium hypochlorite; NaF: sodium fluoride Nd:YaG: neodymium-doped yttrium aluminium garnet; MMP: matrix metalloproteinases; PAA: Proanthrocyanidins; RFV: riboflavin; SBS: shear bond strength; SEM: Scanning electron microscopy; SnF: strontium fluoride; TBS: tensile bond strength.