Table 1.
Demographics and clinical characteristics of patient population
| Population sample (n = 34) | |
|---|---|
| Mean age (years) ± SD | 57.7 ± 18.7 |
| Gender, female (%) | 18 (52.9) |
| Race, n (%) | |
| African-American | 2 (5.9) |
| Asian American | 1 (2.9) |
| Hispanic | 1 (2.9) |
| Caucasian | 29 (85.3) |
| Other | 1 (2.9) |
| Educational level, n (%) | |
| High school | 15 (44.1) |
| College graduate | 10 (29.4) |
| Postgraduate education | 9 (26.5) |
| Currently employed, n (%) | 22 (64.7) |
| Previous history of LBP, n (%) | 27 (79.4) |
| Previous history of back surgery, n (%) | 8 (23.5) |
| Duration of LBP (months) ± SD | 113.7 ± 101.1 |
| Oswestry disability index ± SD | 28.2 ± 14.8 |
SD, standard deviation; LBP, low back pain.