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. 2021 Jan-Feb;47(1):e20200267. doi: 10.36416/1806-3756/e20200267

Table 1. Major risk factors for, and their impact on, morbidity and mortality worldwide in 2017 according to the Global Burden of Disease 2017 Risk Factor Collaborators. 5 .

Risk factors Deaths × 1,000 (95% CI) DALYs × 1,000 (95% CI) Global ranking
Diet (all causes) 10,900 (10,100-11,700) 255,000 (234,000-274,000) 1
Hypertension 10,400 (9,400-11,500) 218,000 (198,000-237,000) 2
Smoking (active + environmental + smokeless) 8,100 (7,800-8,420) 213,000 (201,000-227,000) 3
Elevated fasting blood glucose levels 6,530 (5,230-8,230) 171,000 (144,000-201,000) 4
Air pollution (total) 4,900 (4,400-5,400) 147,000 (132,000-162,000) 5
Environmental air pollution (PM2.5) 2,940 (2,500-3,360) 83,000 (71,400-94,300)
Environmental air pollution (ozone) 472 (177-768) 7,370 (2,740-12,000)
Household air pollution 1,640 (1,400-1,930) 59,500 (50,800-68,900)

PM2.5: fine particulate matter < 2.5 µm in aerodynamic diameter; DALYs: disability-adjusted life years (the sum of the number of years of life lost due to premature death and the number of years lived with limitation/disability). In air pollution-related deaths and air pollution-related DALYs, the sum of the separate impacts of the pollutants is slightly higher than the sum of their combined impact.