Table 1. Clinical and demographic characteristics of individuals with severe asthma, individuals with mild-to-moderate asthma, and individuals without asthma. Salvador, Brazil, 2017-2019.
| Characteristic | Group | p* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SA | MMA | NA | ||
| (n = 40) | (n = 35) | (n = 50) | ||
| Gender, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Female | 34 (85.0) | 30 (85.7) | 24 (48.0) | |
| Male | 6 (15.0) | 5 (14.3) | 26 (42.0) | |
| Skin color, n (%) | < 0.05 | |||
| Black | 17 (42.5) | 16 (45.7) | 14 (28.0) | |
| White | 2 (5.0) | 2 (5.7) | 12 (24.0) | |
| Other | 21 (52.5) | 17 (48.6) | 24 (48.0) | |
| Marital status, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Single | 19 (47.5) | 26 (74.3) | 15 (30.0) | |
| Married/stable relationship | 21 (52.1) | 9 (25.7) | 35 (70.0) | |
| Level of education, n (%) | NS | |||
| < 9 years of schooling | 9 (22.5) | 4 (11.4) | 12 (24.0) | |
| 9-12 years of schooling | 28 (70.0) | 27 (77.1) | 31 (62.0) | |
| > 12 years of schooling | 3 (7.5) | 4 (11.4) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Family income, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| < the minimum wage† | 17 (42.5) | 16 (45.7) | 5 (10.0) | |
| ≥ the minimum wage† | 23 (57.5) | 19 (54.3) | 45 (90.0) | |
| Smoking status, n (%) | NS | |||
| Current smoker | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (4.0) | |
| Former smoker | 15 (37.5) | 6 (17.1) | 19 (38.0) | |
| Alcohol consumption, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Current drinker | 13 (32.5) | 18 (51.4) | 3 (6.0) | |
| Former drinker | 7 (17.5) | 6 (17.1) | 31 (62.0) | |
| Physical activity, n (%) | < 0.05 | |||
| Sedentary lifestyle | 18 (45.0) | 27 (77.1) | 30 (60.0) | |
| Regular activity | 22 (55.0) | 8 (22.9) | 20 (40.0) | |
| Work Ability Index, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Poor | 19 (47.5) | 8 (22.9) | 5 (10.0) | |
| Moderate | 18 (45.0) | 26 (74.3) | 12 (24.0) | |
| Good/Excellent | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.9) | 33 (66.0) | |
| Tooth brushing frequency, n (%) | NS | |||
| ≤ 2 times a day | 19 (47.5) | 20 (57.1) | 25 (50.0) | |
| > 2 times a day | 21 (52.5) | 15 (42.9) | 25 (50.0) | |
| Dental flossing, n (%) | 19 (47.5) | 17 (48.6) | 18 (36.0) | NS |
| Salivary flow, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Normal | 8 (20.0) | 9 (25.7) | 37 (74.0) | |
| Reduced | 32 (80.0) | 26 (74.3) | 13 (26.0) | |
| Periodontal disease, n (%) | < 0.001 | |||
| Gingivitis | 2 (5.0) | 9 (25.7) | 15 (30.0) | |
| Periodontitis | 37 (92.5) | 19 (54.3) | 7 (14.0) | |
| Systemic arterial hypertension, n (%) | 21 (52.5) | 6 (17.1) | 7 (14.0) | < 0.001 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 3 (7.5) | 1 (2.9) | 2 (4.0) | NS |
SA: severe asthma; MMA: mild-to-moderate asthma; NA: no asthma; NS, not significant.
*Pearson’s chi-square test. †Brazilian national minimum wage = 241 USD/month.