Table 1.
Characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection among women from São Paulo, Brazil, by HPV type, phylogenetic relationship, and oncogenic risk.
| HPV category | Prevalence at enrollment, no. (%) of women (n = 2351a) | Incident infections, no. of women | Follow-up duration, women-months | Incidence rate,b infections/1000 women-months (95% CI) | Cleared infection, no. of women | Follow-up duration, women-months | Clearance rate, infections/1000 women-months (95% CI) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Type | |||||||
| 6/11 | 26 (1.1) | 62 | 109,735 | 0.57 (0.44–0.72) | 53 | 506 | 104.8 (80.1–137.2) |
| 16 | 64 (2.7) | 189 | 104,559 | 1.81 (1.57–2.08) | 148 | 1795 | 82.4 (70.2–96.8) |
| 18 | 26 (1.1) | 52 | 109,960 | 0.47 (0.36–0.62) | 46 | 501 | 91.9 (68.8–122.7) |
| 26 | 3 (0.1) | 13 | 112,457 | 0.12 (0.07–0.20) | 9 | 82 | 109.3 (56.9–210.1) |
| 31 | 29 (1.2) | 56 | 109,718 | 0.51 (0.39–0.66) | 43 | 539 | 79.8 (59.2–107.6) |
| 32 | 1 (0.0) | 9 | 112,782 | 0.08 (0.04–0.15) | 4 | 27 | 146.2 (54.9–389.4) |
| 33 | 9 (0.4) | 31 | 111,271 | 0.28 (0.20–0.40) | 26 | 400 | 65.0 (44.3–95.5) |
| 34 | 2 (0.1) | 0 | 112,800 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 35 | 7 (0.3) | 59 | 111,048 | 0.53 (0.41–0.69) | 44 | 558 | 78.9 (58.7–106.0) |
| 39 | 3 (0.1) | 31 | 112,075 | 0.28 (0.19–0.39) | 22 | 298 | 73.9 (48.7–112.2) |
| 40 | 6 (0.3) | 30 | 111,857 | 0.27 (0.19–0.38) | 21 | 167 | 125.8 (82.1–193.0) |
| 42 | 1 (0.0) | 23 | 112,524 | 0.20 (0.14–0.31) | 13 | 159 | 81.8 (47.5–140.9) |
| 44 | 2 (0.1) | 7 | 112,540 | 0.06 (0.03–0.13) | 7 | 59 | 118.0 (56.3–247.6) |
| 45 | 13 (0.6) | 48 | 110,931 | 0.43 (0.33–0.57) | 38 | 414 | 91.9 (66.9–126.3) |
| 51 | 30 (1.3) | 106 | 107,976 | 0.98 (0.81–1.19) | 91 | 1045 | 87.0 (70.9–106.9) |
| 52 | 20 (0.9) | 65 | 109,872 | 0.59 (0.46–0.75) | 48 | 593 | 81.0 (61.0–107.4) |
| 53 | 39 (1.7) | 109 | 107,273 | 1.02 (0.84–1.23) | 91 | 1056 | 86.2 (70.2–105.8) |
| 54 | 8 (0.3) | 52 | 110,945 | 0.47 (0.36–0.62) | 42 | 439 | 95.6 (70.7–129.4) |
| 55 | 10 (0.4) | 62 | 110,952 | 0.56 (0.44–0.72) | 52 | 494 | 105.3 (80.3–138.2) |
| 56 | 13 (0.6) | 46 | 111,326 | 0.41 (0.31–0.55) | 32 | 410 | 78.1 (55.2–110.4) |
| 57 | 0 | 5 | 112,867 | 0.04 (0.02–0.11) | 4 | 29 | 136.3 (51.2–363.2) |
| 58 | 27 (1.1) | 68 | 109,536 | 0.62 (0.49–0.79) | 52 | 721 | 72.1 (55.0–94.7) |
| 59 | 13 (0.6) | 40 | 110,957 | 0.36 (0.26–0.49) | 33 | 319 | 103.5 (73.6–145.6) |
| 61 | 18 (0.8) | 32 | 110,842 | 0.29 (0.20–0.41) | 26 | 273 | 95.1 (64.7–139.6) |
| 62 | 2 (0.1) | 38 | 111,699 | 0.34 (0.25–0.47) | 32 | 305 | 104.9 (74.2–148.3) |
| 64 | 0 | 0 | 112,900 | NA | NA | NA | NA |
| 66 | 10 (0.4) | 33 | 111,600 | 0.30 (0.21–0.42) | 27 | 209 | 129.4 (88.8–188.8) |
| 67 | 0 | 6 | 112,570 | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) | 5 | 28 | 178.2 (74.2–428.1) |
| 68 | 15 (0.6) | 47 | 110,797 | 0.42 (0.32–0.56) | 41 | 368 | 111.3 (81.9–151.1) |
| 69 | 0 | 3 | 112,782 | 0.03 (0.01–0.08) | 2 | 10 | 197.4 (49.4–789.3) |
| 70 | 18 (0.8) | 23 | 111,380 | 0.21 (0.14–0.31) | 17 | 140 | 121.8 (75.7–195.9) |
| 71 | 5 (0.2) | 19 | 112,094 | 0.17 (0.11–0.27) | 15 | 162 | 92.7 (55.9–153.7) |
| 72 | 6 (0.3) | 6 | 112,360 | 0.05 (0.02–0.12) | 5 | 39 | 127.4 (53.0–306.1) |
| 73 | 10 (0.4) | 40 | 110,957 | 0.36 (0.26–0.49) | 35 | 326 | 107.5 (77.2–149.7) |
| 81 | 9 (0.4) | 20 | 111,794 | 0.18 (0.12–0.28) | 16 | 159 | 100.6 (61.6–164.2) |
| 82 | 3 (0.1) | 19 | 111,962 | 0.17 (0.11–0.27) | 15 | 152 | 98.7 (59.5–163.7) |
| 83 | 0 | 34 | 111,805 | 0.30 (0.22–0.43) | 29 | 297 | 97.6 (67.8–140.4) |
| 84 | 14 (0.6) | 72 | 110,396 | 0.65 (0.52–0.82) | 54 | 588 | 91.9 (70.4–119.9) |
| 89 | 1 (0.0) | 16 | 112,360 | 0.14 (0.09–0.23) | 16 | 127 | 126.5 (77.5–206.4) |
| Phylogenetic relationshipc | |||||||
| Species 3 | 54 (2.3) | 194 | 104,346 | 1.86 (1.62–2.14) | 161 | 1655 | 97.3 (83.3–113.5) |
| Species 5 | 34 (1.5) | 132 | 106,770 | 1.24 (1.04–1.47) | 109 | 1247 | 87.4 (72.5–105.5) |
| Species 6 | 62 (2.6) | 172 | 104,814 | 1.64 (1.41–1.91) | 138 | 1598 | 86.4 (73.1–102.1) |
| Species 7 | 85 (3.6) | 199 | 102,683 | 1.94 (1.69–2.23) | 164 | 1742 | 94.1 (80.8–109.7) |
| Species 9 | 144 (6.1) | 354 | 94,387 | 3.75 (3.38–4.16) | 280 | 3661 | 76.5 (68.0–86.0) |
| Species 10 | 36 (1.5) | 122 | 107,612 | 1.13 (0.95–1.35) | 104 | 1045 | 99.5 (82.1–120.6) |
| Oncogenic riskd | |||||||
| Any | 394 (16.8) | 666 | 70,150 | 9.49 (8.80–10.24) | 548 | 7368 | 74.4 (68.4–80.9) |
| High | |||||||
| Any | 250 (10.6) | 509 | 83,575 | 6.09 (5.58–6.64) | 411 | 5459 | 75.3 (68.4–82.9) |
| Except type 16 | 200 (8.5) | 432 | 88,586 | 4.88 (4.44–5.36) | 348 | 4516 | 77.1 (69.4–85.6) |
| Except types 16 and 18 | 176 (7.5) | 416 | 90,414 | 4.60 (4.18–5.07) | 330 | 4232 | 78.0 (70.0–86.9) |
| Low | 144 (6.1) | 450 | 90,893 | 4.95 (4.51–5.43) | 379 | 4002 | 94.7 (85.6–104.7) |
NOTE. CI, confidence interval; NA, not applicable.
a
Data exclude women who tested negative for both β-globin and HPV and women who were not tested.
b
Data exclude women who tested positive for HPV at baseline.
c
Data are for alpha-papillomavirus species. HPV types 61, 62, 72, 81, 83, 84, and 89 are classified as alpha-papillomavirus species 3; HPV types 26, 51, 69, and 82 as species 5; HPV types 53, 56, and 66 as species 6; HPV types 18, 39, 45, 59, 68, and 70 as species 7; HPV types 16, 31, 33, 35, 52, 58, and 67 as species 9; and HPV types 6/11, 44, and 55 as species 10.
d
See the text for descriptions of high-risk and low-risk HPV types.