Table 2.
Subject Characteristics vs. Pancreatic β-Cell Dysfunction
| Normal pancreatic β-cell function (n=204) |
Pancreatic β-cell dysfunction (n=108) |
P-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 69±13 | 77.5±11.6 | <0.001 |
| Male | 116 (57) | 59 (55) | 0.705 |
| Etiology | 0.451 | ||
| Hypertensive heart disease | 31 | 27 | – |
| Ischemic heart disease | 33 | 25 | – |
| Dilated cardiomyopathy | 44 | 13 | – |
| Valvular heart disease | 31 | 15 | – |
| Other causes | 65 | 28 | – |
| Presentation profile | |||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 23.0±4.0 | 20.2±3.3 | <0.001 |
| eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 62.1±25.9 | 64.7±47.2 | 0.533 |
| NYHA III/IV | 119 (58) | 86 (80) | <0.001 |
| Blood biomarkers | |||
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.5±0.6 | 3.2±0.6 | <0.001 |
| FPG (mg/dL) | 99.4±15.2 | 102.1±17.7 | 0.168 |
| Insulin (μU/mL) | 6.9 (4.8–10.6) | 2.6 (1.9–4.0) | <0.001 |
| Hemoglobin A1c (%) NGSP | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 5.4 (5.1–5.7) | 0.985 |
| Total cholesterol (mg/dL) | 162.0±42.1 | 162.9±37.5 | 0.873 |
| Triglyceride (mg/dL) | 90.3±46.7 | 77.9±32.8 | 0.015 |
| LDL-C (mg/dL) | 94.7±34.6 | 95.3±28.0 | 0.881 |
| HDL-C (mg/dL) | 52.0±14.6 | 53.0±15.1 | 0.561 |
| BNP (pg/mL) | 399.0 (180.6–783.8) | 625.2 (305.5–1,252.8) | <0.001 |
| Echocardiography data | |||
| LVEDD (mm) | 54.8±11.0 | 53.3±9.8 | 0.223 |
| LVEF (%) | 47.0±18.4 | 48.1±15.9 | 0.597 |
| Medication | |||
| ACEI and/or ARB | 129 (63) | 60 (56) | 0.188 |
| β-blockers | 121 (59) | 60 (56) | 0.523 |
Data given as mean±SD, n (%) or median (IQR). Abbreviations as in Table 1.