TABLE 1.

An initial suggestion for corresponding values and virtues.

Schwartz’s higher-order values (and the values related to them)	VIA virtues (and the strengths related to them)
Self-transcendence reflects a concern for the welfare and interests of others (universalism and benevolence).	Transcendence reflects the connection to something “higher,” something larger than ourselves, which can provide a sense of purpose or meaning (gratitude*, hope, humor, spirituality*, appreciation of beauty, and excellence*).	Humanity reflects feelings and values of basic love and companionship with all human beings (love, kindness, and social intelligence).
Conservation is concerned with order, self-restriction, preservation of the past, and resistance to change (security, conformity, and tradition).	Temperance (or moderation) is related to self-management, and conservation of social harmony and resources (forgiveness∼, modesty, prudence, and self-regulation).	Justice is about the connections with the community or group in different ways and situations (fairness*, leadership∼*, and teamwork/citizenship).
Openness to change is related to independence of thought, action, and feelings and readiness for change (self-direction and stimulation).	Courage focuses on strength of will, and pursuing one’s beliefs and goals even in the face of adversities (bravery, persistence∼*, honesty, and zest).
Self enhancement reflects a focus on pursuing one’s own interests, success, and dominance over others (power and achievement).
		Wisdom is about good judgment, based on profound knowledge and understanding (creativity*, curiosity, love of learning*, judgment, and perspective*).

∼The Human Values Theory claims the strength is related to a different value. Specifically, it suggests forgiveness is related to self-transcendence values, and leadership is related to self-enhancement values.*Peterson and Seligman (2004) claim the strength is related to a different value. Specifically, they suggest appreciation of beauty and excellence corresponds with hedonism; gratitude and spirituality are related to conservation values (i.e., security and tradition, respectively); fairness and perspective are related to self-transcendence values (i.e., universalism); creativity, leadership, and persistence are related to self-enhancement values (i.e., corresponding with self-direction, power, and achievement values, respectively); curiosity and love of learning are related to openness to change values (i.e., stimulation).