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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 15.
Published in final edited form as: Biol Psychiatry. 2020 Sep 18;89(6):570–578. doi: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2020.09.013

Figure 3. Association between maternal lifetime stress exposure and number of placental mitochondrial DNA mutations (homoplasmic + heteroplasmic = mutational load).

Figure 3.

Model is adjusted for maternal age at birth (χ2= 2.61, p = 0.11), education (χ2= 0.01, p=0.92), and race/ethnicity (χ2= 27.78, p < 0.0001) based on augmented backward elimination algorithm. Results are similar for analyses using only heteroplasmic mutations (Table S7).