Fig. 7. Dependence of LLPS on electrostatic versus hydrophobic forces for FUS and PR₂₅ from direct coexistence simulations using a sequence-dependent protein coarse-grained model.

a Illustration of the coarse-grained models for the different proteins with one bead representing each amino acid. Amino acids are colored according to their chemical identity (aromatics in blue, charged residues in green, all other residues in red; color code shown at the bottom). Snapshots for simulations with b all interactions, c reduced electrostatics, and d reduced electrostatics + increased hydrophobicity for FUS (24 proteins) and PR₂₅ (400 peptides). Snapshots were rendered using Ovito¹²⁴.