. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2021 Apr 7.

Published in final edited form as: J Perinatol. 2020 Oct 7;41(2):196–203. doi: 10.1038/s41372-020-00837-2

Table 1.

Add Health Resilience Instrument

Factors	Items from Add Health
Personal Competence/Agency	I can’t change the important things in my life.^*
	I avoid having to deal with problems in my life.^*
	Other people determine what I can and cannot do.^*
	Many things interfere with what I want to do.^*
	I feel confident in my ability to handle my problems.
	I hardly ever expect things to go my way.^*
	I have no way to solve the problems I have.^*

Support / Feeling Overwhelmed	I often feel isolated.^*
	Difficulties pile up so high that I can’t overcome them.^*
	I feel I can’t control the important things in my life.^*

Optimism	I’m always optimistic about my future.
	I am not easily bothered.
	I expect more good things to happen to me than bad.

These items are reverse coded in order for higher scores to indicate higher resilience.