Table 3.

Distribution of ADHD, ODD, CD, and Internalizing Symptoms in the Eyes-closed Sample

Group differences
	TD	ADHD	t-value	p-value
ADHD measures
DISC ADHD symptoms (0–23)	3.87 ± 3.94 (69)	16.16 ± 4.19 (49)	−16.10	<0.001*
CBCL ADHD subscale t-score	51.19 ± 2.44 (75)	65.61 ± 6.99 (49)	−13.90	<0.001*
SNAP-IV total (0–20)	1.77 ± 2.4 (74)	11.58 ± 4.26 (48)	−14.55	<0.001*
Conners – Teacher Form
Inattentive t-score	49.24 ± 10.77 (17)	61.25 ± 11.77 (16)	−3.05	0.005
Hyperactivity t-score	56.93 ± 17.03 (16)	74.69 ± 12.97 (16)	−3.25	0.003
TRF ADHD subscale t-score	52.77 ± 4.23 (13)	58.83 ± 11.91 (6)	−1.21	0.27
Additional externalizing disorders
DISC ODD symptoms	5.00 ± 3.14 (66)	6.49 ± 3.08 (49)	−2.54	0.01*
DISC CD symptoms	0.47 ± 1.26 (68)	1.32 ± 1.67 (48)	−2.99	0.004*
Internalizing disorders
CBCL internalizing subscale t-score	45.76 ± 10.08 (74)	55.49 ± 9.79 (49)	−5.34	<0.001*
DISC GAD symptoms	0.93 ± 1.23 (68)	2.20 ± 2.25 (49)	−3.60	<0.001*
DISC depression symptoms	1.94 ± 2.3 (68)	4.29 ± 2.27 (49)	−5.47	<0.001*

Note. Values are means ± SD, with the number of participants with scores for each measure in parentheses. As expected, the ADHD group had significantly more ADHD symptoms compared with the typically developing control group, with the exception of the Teacher Report Form (TRF), which was completed in a small number of total cases. There was a significant difference in internalizing subscale t-scores on the CBCL, as well as on measures of ODD, CD, GAD, and depression on the DISC. DISC, Diagnostic Structured Interview Schedule – young child version; CBCL, Child Behavior Checklist; SNAP-IV, Swanson Nolan and Pelham checklist; ODD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder; CD, Conduct Disorder; GAD, Generalized Anxiety Disorder.

^*p<0.05