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. 2019 May 16;2(2):103–112. doi: 10.31662/jmaj.2018-0049

Table 1.

Changes in the Characteristics of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure/Contents of Medical Services.

Heart failure previously treated Geriatric heart failure
Age Young persons Elderly persons
Life environment Employed persons/family Persons living alone/elderly husbands and wives
Left ventricular function Decrease in the ejection fraction Normal ejection fraction
Complication Absent Concomitant presence of various diseases/frailty
Cause of readmission Reduction of exercise tolerance Insufficient control/other diseases
Category of disease Chronic disease Fatal disease
Reason for death Ejection fraction reduction/congestion/sudden death Other diseases/systemic weakness
Goal of treatment Rehabilitation/lifetime prolongation Health expectancy prolongation/quality of life improvement
Initiative in treatment Medical side Patient side
Primary persons responsible for treatment Physicians/nurses Multi-occupational/medical team
Place of treatment Admission Outpatient clinic/home