Table 1.

Properties of type V family effectors.

Subtype	Signature protein	Length (aa)	PAM	tracrRNA/scoutRNA	Processing Pre-crRNA	Target substrates	Trans-cleavage	References
Type V-A	Cas12a	1,200–1,500	(T)TTVa	No	Yes	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Zetsche et al., 2015
Type V-B	Cas12b	~1,300	TTN	tracrRNA	No	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Shmakov et al., 2015
Type V-C	Cas12c	1,200–1,300	TG or TN	scoutRNA	Yes	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Yan et al., 2019; Harrington et al., 2020
Type V-D	Cas12d	~1,200	TA or TG	scoutRNA	Unconfirmed	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Chen L. X. et al., 2019; Harrington et al., 2020
Type V-E	Cas12e	~1,000	TTCN	tracrRNA	Unconfirmed	dsDNA	ssDNA	Liu J. J. et al., 2019
Type V-F	Cas14	400–700	NO	tracrRNA	No	ssDNA	ssDNA	Harrington et al., 2018
Type V-G	Cas12g	~800	NO	tracrRNA	No	ssRNA	ssRNA and ssDNA	Yan et al., 2019
Type V-H	Cas12h	~900	RTRb	No	No	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Yan et al., 2019
Type V-I	Cas12i	~1,100	TTN	No	Yes	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Yan et al., 2019
Type V-K	Cas12k	~650	GTN	tracrRNA	No	dsDNA	No	Strecker et al., 2019b
CRISPR–CasΦ	Cas12j	~750	TBNc	No	Yes	dsDNA and ssDNA	ssDNA	Pausch et al., 2020

^aV represents A, C, and G.

^bR represents A and G.

^cB represents C, G, and T.