Antibacterial assessments of S-PRG nanofiller coated dentin. (A) SEM micrographs of S-PRG nanofiller coated or uncoated dentin surfaces incubated with S. mutans for 24 h. Scale bar = 10 μm. (B) Bacterial counts of S. mutans and A. naeslundii (n = 4, mean ± SD); ∗P < 0.05. (C) LIVE/DEAD BacLight staining of S. mutans after 24-h incubation. Scale bar = 20 μm. (D) Intensity of live (green) and dead (red) bacteria (n = 3, mean ± SD). ∗P < 0.05. A. naeslundii, Actinomyces naeslundii; CFU, colony-forming units; ND; not detected; SD, standard deviation; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; S. mutans, Streptococcus mutans; S-PRG, surface pre-reacted glass-ionomer.