Table 1.
Characteristics of the participants.
| Parameters | AD patients (n = 100) | Healthy controls (n = 71) | p |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (y) | 74.14 ± 9.21 | 73.11 ± 7.75 | 0.105 |
| Gender (male/female) | 43/57 | 35/36 | 0.415 |
| BMI (Mean ± SD) | 22.12 ± 3.45 | 23.45 ± 3.32 | 0.164 |
| Smoking, no. | 4 | 3 | 0.942 |
| Drinking, no. | 2 | 1 | 0.772 |
| Antibiotics use, no. | 0 | 0 | |
| Complications, no. | |||
| Hypertension | 37 | 25 | 0.445 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 17 | 11 | 0.793 |
| Hypercholesterolemia | 18 | 10 | 0.495 |
| Coronary heart disease | 15 | 8 | 0.481 |
| Diarrhea | 2 | 3 | 0.395 |
| Constipation | 7 | 5 | 0.991 |
| Cognitive and functional status | |||
| MMSE score | 4.27 ± 6.06 | 27.21 ± 2.04 | <0.01 |
| WAIS score | 35.31 ± 15.35 | 90.14 ± 10.04 | <0.01 |
| Barthel score | 23.22 ± 23.15 | 76.75 ± 7.79 | <0.01 |
BMI, body mass index; SD, standard deviation; no, numbers; MMSE, Mini-Mental State Examination; WAIS, Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale.