TABLE 2.

Entry of non-enveloped virus mediated by membrane rafts.

Family	Virus	Role of membrane rafts in attachment and/or entry
Adenoviridae	Human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Colin et al., 2005; Rogée et al., 2007)
	Human adenovirus species D (HAdV-D)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Yousuf et al., 2013).
Papillomaviridae	Human papillomavirus strain 31 (HPV-31)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Bousarghin et al., 2003; Smith et al., 2007, 2008).
Parvoviridae	Adeno-associated virus 2 (AAV2)	CLIC-GEEC endocytosis (Nonnenmacher and Weber, 2011)
Picornaviridae	Coxsackie virus A9 (CVA9)	Concentration in rafts of the receptor αVβ3-integrin, the coreceptor glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78) and MHC-I. Activation of Raf/MAPK signaling pathway in rafts (Triantafilou and Triantafilou, 2003).
	Coxsackie virus B3 (CVB3) RD strain	Receptor GPI-anchored decay accelerating factor (DAF) on rafts (Legler et al., 2005; Coyne and Bergelson, 2006).
	Coxsackie virus B4 (CVB4)	Receptor GPI-anchored decay accelerating factor (DAF) on rafts. Recruitment of the Coxsackie-adenovirus-receptor protein (CAR) into rafts (Triantafilou and Triantafilou, 2004).
	Echovirus type 1 (EV1)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Marjomäki et al., 2002; Pietiäinen et al., 2004). Receptor α2β1-integrin on rafts (Upla et al., 2004).
	Echovirus type 11 (EV11)	Receptor GPI-anchored decay accelerating factor (DAF) on raft (Stuart et al., 2002).
	Enterovirus 71 (EV71)	Raft-dependent activation of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Interaction of viral capsid protein VP1 with the receptor SCARB2 within rafts (Zhu et al., 2015). Caveolae-mediated endocytosis via the receptor P-selectin glycoprotein ligand-1 (PSGL-1) (Lin et al., 2013).
	Enterovirus D68 (EV-D68)	Recruitment of viral particles and ICAM-5 receptor into rafts (Jiang et al., 2020).
	Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis by heparan sulfate binding (O’Donnell et al., 2008).
	Rhinovirus	Receptor intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) on rafts (Greve et al., 1989; Bacsó et al., 2002).
Reoviridae	Avian reovirus (ARV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Huang et al., 2011; Wang Y. et al., 2020).
	Grass carp reovirus (GCRV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Zhang et al., 2018a).
	Muscovy duck reovirus (MDRV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Li et al., 2020a).
	Porcine rotavirus (PRV)	Raft-dependent entry (Dou et al., 2018)
	Rotavirus (RV)	Receptors ganglioside GM1, integrin subunits α2 and β3, heat shock cognate protein Hsc70 on rafts. Association of viral particles with rafts (Arias et al., 2002; Iša et al., 2004; Lopez and Arias, 2006; Guerrero and Moreno, 2012).
Polyomaviridae	BK polyomavirus (BKV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Eash et al., 2004; Eash and Atwood, 2005; Dugan et al., 2006; Moriyama et al., 2007).
	Murine polyomavirus (MuPyV)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Richterová et al., 2001; Gilbert and Benjamin, 2004; Liebl et al., 2006).
	Simian virus 40 (SV40)	Caveolae-mediated endocytosis (Toscano and de Haan, 2018; Chen et al., 2019b). Receptor MHC-I (Stang et al., 1997; Anderson et al., 1998; Norkin, 1999; Parton and Lindsay, 1999), ganglioside GM1 (Tsai et al., 2003; Szklarczyk et al., 2013) on rafts. Non-clathrin non-caveolae endocytosis (Damm et al., 2005).