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. 2021 Feb 4;12:628863. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2021.628863

TABLE 3.

Physiological and performance outcomes of graded exercise intensity using breath-by-breath testing between 50–80% O2max and 1 h self-paced distance performance test, following consumption of dairy milk (CM) and carbohydrate-electrolyte (CEB) recovery beverages the previous day.

CM
CEB
50% O2max 60% O2max 70% O2max 80% O2max 50% O2max 60% O2max 70% O2max 80% O2max
RER 0.88 (0.86–0.90) 0.91 (0.89–0.93) 0.93 (0.91–0.94) 0.97 (0.96–0.99) 0.88 (0.85–0.90) 0.91 (0.88–0.94) 0.93 (0.90–0.96) 0.97 (0.95–0.99)
O2 (ml/kgBM/min) 28.3 (25.6–30.9) 33.7 (30.5–36.9) 41.2 (38.3–44.1) 47.5 (44.2–50.8) 27.1 (25.0–29.3) 32.8 (30.2–35.5) 39.9 (37.3–42.6) 46.4 (43.5–49.4)
Carbohydrate oxidation (g/min) 1.62 (1.31–1.93) 2.22 (1.91–2.53) 2.93 (2.57–3.29) 4.09 (3.67–4.52) 1.54 (1.22–1.85) 2.18 (1.77–2.59) 2.94 (2.45–3.43) 3.99 (3.43–4.54)
Fat oxidation (g/min) 0.38 (0.31–0.45) 0.34 (0.26–0.41) 0.33 (0.27–0.40) 0.14 (0.08–0.20) 0.38 (0.29–0.46) 0.33 (0.22–0.45) 0.31 (0.20–0.43) 0.15 (0.08–0.22)
HR 116 (110–122) 133 (124–141) 150 142–158) 165 (158–172) 117 (112–123) 133 (124–141) 150 (144–157) 164 (158–171)
RPE 8 (8–9) 10 (9–11) 12 (12–13) 15 (14–16) 8 (8–9) 10 (9–11) 12 (12–13) 15 (14–15)

Mean (95% CI) (n = 14). BM, body mass; HR, heart rate; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; RPE, rating of perceived exertion.