TABLE 3.

Planned contrast results for affected versus unaffected, lockdown versus not-in-lockdown, and exposed versus not exposed on measures of psychological and emotional states.

	Affected vs. unaffected			Lockdown vs. not in lockdown			Exposed vs. not exposed
	Italy CRO-contact	CRO-no contact CRO-unrelated		Italy	CRO-contact CRO-no contact CRO-unrelated		CRO-contact	Italy CRO-no contact CRO-unrelated
	M (SD)	M (SD)	p-value	M (SD)	M (SD)	p-value	M (SD)	M (SD)	p-value
DASS-21 Depression	2.07 (2.38)	0.98 (1.54)	0.060	2.53 (2.41)	0.86 (1.54)	<0.001	0.56 (1.55)	1.83 (2.19)	0.268
DASS-21 Anxiety	0.86 (1.20)	0.88 (1.40)	0.641	0.89 (1.25)	0.85 (1.31)	0.607	0.75 (1.06)	0.88 (1.31)	0.981
DASS-21 Stress	2.80 (1.70)	1.70 (1.99)	0.106	3.21 (2.54)	1.63 (2.08)	<0.001	1.44 (2.37)	2.53 (2.42)	0.449
IES-R Intrusion	0.71 (0.51)	0.44 (0.41)	0.060	0.81 (0.51)	0.43 (0.39)	<0.001	0.41 (0.35)	0.64 (0.50)	0.268
IES-R Hyper-arousal	0.74 (0.56)	0.95 (0.86)	0.083	0.86 (0.56)	0.79 (0.66)	0.277	0.37 (0.39)	0.90 (0.62)	<0.001
IES-R Avoidance	0.68 (0.58)	0.34 (0.38)	0.009	0.70 (0.56)	0.42 (0.48)	0.014	0.63 (0.65)	0.53 (0.51)	0.386
PANAS Positive	26.48 (7.50)	27.19 (7.37)	0.444	27.25 (7.50)	26.31 (7.39)	0.607	23.94 (7.14)	27.22 (7.41)	0.268
PANAS Negative	18.62 (6.42)	17.44 (5.76)	0.246	17.98 (5.50)	18.34 (6.76)	0.739	20.75 (8.68)	17.74 (5.60)	0.302
ULS	12.89 (8.80)	14.88 (9.76)	0.743	13.26 (8.80)	13.99 (9.58)	0.739	11.68 (8.94)	13.98 (9.23)	0.596

Significant values bolded. M, mean; SD, standard deviation; DASS-21, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale-21; IES-R, Impact of Event Scale-Revised; PANAS, positive affect negative affect schedule; ULS, UCLA Loneliness Scale.