TABLE 1.
Systemic and central (aortic) hemodynamic variables before and after warm water immersion (WWI).
| Before WWI | After WWI | P-value | |
| Heart rate, beats/min | 55 ± 5 | 53 ± 6 | 0.034 |
| Stroke volume, mL | 95.4 ± 6.2 | 93.5 ± 15.7 | 0.694 |
| Cardiac output, L/min | 5.2 ± 0.6 | 5.0 ± 0.8 | 0.431 |
| Total peripheral resistance | 12.6 ± 2.4 | 13.5 ± 4.2 | 0.319 |
| Brachial systolic BP, mmHg | 110 ± 9 | 108 ± 9 | 0.202 |
| Brachial diastolic BP, mmHg | 69 ± 7 | 67 ± 6 | 0.043 |
| Brachial pulse pressure, mmHg | 41 ± 7 | 41 ± 7 | 0.900 |
| Aortic systolic BP, mmHg | 99 ± 8 | 98 ± 8 | 0.565 |
| Aortic diastolic BP, mmHg | 68 ± 7 | 68 ± 6 | 0.300 |
| Aortic pulse pressure, mmHg | 30 ± 5 | 30 ± 6 | 0.927 |
| AP, mmHg | 3.9 ± 2.8 | 4.8 ± 3.1 | 0.067 |
| AP@HR75bpm, mmHg | 0.4 ± 2.7 | 1.1 ± 2.7 | 0.195 |
| AIx,% | 13.4 ± 10.0 | 15.7 ± 9.6 | 0.167 |
| AIx@HR75bpm,% | 2.1 ± 8.6 | 3.6 ± 8.3 | 0.398 |
Data are mean and SD. AP, augmentation pressure; AP@HR75bpm, AP corrected by 75 beats/min of heart rate; AIx, augmentation index; AIx@HR75bpm, AIx corrected by 75 beats/min of heart rate (HR); BP, blood pressure.