Figure 4.

Integration of patient derived iPSC with microfluidic models to study cardiovascular diseases. iPSCs can be generated from patient cells and subsequently differentiated into a variety of vascular cell types. Further these iPSCs can be genetically mutated to create an isogenic control cell line to preserve the genetic background of the patient but erase the mutation of interest (left). After differentiation into vascular cells, these cells can be used in microfluidic disease models of both cardiac and vascular diseases (right). By utilizing microfluidic systems, the disease model can incorporate functional outputs as indicated [top, right; image on the left reprinted by permission from Springer Nature Customer Service Centre GmbH: Springer Nature, Wang et al. (2014), Copyright 2014. Image on the right from Hinson et al. (2015). Reprinted with permission from AAAS. Bottom, right; image on the left reproduced from Atchison et al. (CC by 4.0: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Image on the right reprinted with permission from John Wiley and Sons from Ribas et al. (2017), Copyright 2017 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim].