Table 1. Baseline Characteristics by Timing of Most Recent Heart Failure (HF) Hospitalization Relative to Trial Enrollmenta.
| Characteristic | Participants, No. (%) | P value | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Full trial cohort (N = 4744) | Timing of HF hospitalization relative to enrollment | ||||
| Never (n = 2493) | >12 Mo (n = 950) | ≤12 Mo (n = 1301) | |||
| Age, mean (SD), y | 66.3 (10.9) | 66.7 (10.7) | 66.9 (10.3) | 65.2 (11.5) | <.001 |
| Female | 1109 (23.4) | 591 (23.7) | 215 (22.6) | 303 (23.3) | .80 |
| White race | 3333 (70.3) | 1861 (74.7) | 612 (64.4) | 860 (66.2) | <.001 |
| BMI, mean (SD) | 28.2 (5.9) | 28.3 (6.0) | 28.0 (5.7) | 28.0 (5.9) | .09 |
| NYHA class at enrollment | |||||
| II | 3203 (67.5) | 1693 (67.9) | 708 (74.5) | 802 (61.6) | <.001 |
| III | 1498 (31.6) | 788 (31.6) | 236 (24.8) | 474 (36.4) | |
| IV | 43 (0.9) | 12 (0.5) | 6 (0.6) | 25 (1.9) | |
| Baseline LVEF, mean (SD), % | 31.1 (6.8) | 31.3 (6.7) | 30.6 (6.8) | 30.9 (6.9) | .009 |
| Baseline NT-proBNP, median (IQR), pg/mL | 1437 (857-2650) | 1400 (852-2481) | 1526 (957-2597) | 1486 (791-2968) | .09 |
| Main causative mechanism of HF | |||||
| Ischemic | 2674 (56.4) | 1442 (57.8) | 529 (55.7) | 703 (54.0) | .03 |
| Nonischemic | 1687 (35.6) | 840 (33.7) | 358 (37.7) | 489 (37.6) | |
| Unknown | 383 (8.1) | 211 (8.5) | 63 (6.6) | 109 (8.4) | |
| Baseline eGFR <60 mL/min/1.73 m2 | 1926 (40.6) | 975 (39.1) | 418 (44.1) | 533 (41.0) | .03 |
| Baseline HF medications | |||||
| Diuretic | 4008 (84.5) | 2028 (81.3) | 833 (87.7) | 1147 (88.2) | <.001 |
| ACEI | 2661 (56.1) | 1390 (55.8) | 515 (54.2) | 756 (58.1) | .16 |
| ARB | 1307 (27.6) | 704 (28.2) | 265 (27.9) | 338 (26.0) | .32 |
| ARNI | 508 (10.7) | 298 (12.0) | 99 (10.4) | 111 (8.5) | .005 |
| β-Blocker | 4558 (96.1) | 2388 (95.8) | 921 (96.9) | 1249 (96.0) | .29 |
| MRA | 3370 (71.0) | 1754 (70.4) | 653 (68.7) | 963 (74.0) | .01 |
| Digoxin | 887 (18.7) | 412 (16.5) | 206 (21.7) | 269 (20.7) | <.001 |
| Atrial fibrillation | 1818 (38.3) | 924 (37.1) | 400 (42.1) | 494 (38.0) | .02 |
| ICD at enrollment | 1242 (26.2) | 688 (27.6) | 296 (31.2) | 258 (19.8) | <.001 |
| CRT at enrollment | 354 (7.5) | 166 (6.7) | 92 (9.7) | 96 (7.4) | .01 |
Abbreviations: ACEI, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor; ARB, angiotensin receptor blocker; ARNI, angiotensin receptor–neprilysin inhibitor; BMI, body mass index (calculated as weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared); CRT, cardiac resynchronization therapy; eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; ICD, implantable cardioverter-defibrillator; IQR, interquartile range; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; MRA, mineralocorticoid receptor antagonist; NT-proBNP, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide; NYHA, New York Heart Association.
a
Categorical variables are shown as counts and percentages. Continuous variables are shown as mean (SD) or median (IQR) values.