Figure 2. Associations Between Dunedin Study Participants’ Psychopathology p-Factor Scores and Pace of Aging.

Participants’ p-factor scores (mean [SD], 100 [15]) were measured as a latent factor summarizing the common variance among all of the multiple psychiatric symptoms ever experienced by participants between ages 18 and 45 years. Participants were placed into 10-point bins based on their p-factor scores for graphing purposes only. The cutoffs are the midpoint of each category, ie, up to 85, up to 95, up to 105, up to 115, up to 125, and 125 and above. Pace of aging was measured from changes in 19 biomarkers of participants’ cardiovascular, metabolic, pulmonary, kidney, immune, and dental systems when participants were aged 26, 32, 38, and 45 years. Error bars indicate 95% CIs. The regression line shows the correlation between p-factor and pace of aging (β, 0.27; 95% CI, 0.21-0.33; P < .01), calculated on the full score distribution.