Table 3.
Immune checkpoint inhibitors and their clinical indications. Immune checkpoint inhibitors are classified into three major classes: anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibodies, anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibodies and anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies. Each immune checkpoint inhibitor was FDA-approved for specific clinical indications. Tremelimumab is the only immune checkpoint inhibitor that has failed to receive FDA approval. CTL-4, T-lymphocyte-associated antigen 4; FDA, Food and Drug Administration; HCC, hepatocellular carcinoma; NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer; PD-1, programmed cell death 1; RCC, renal cell carcinoma.
| Anti-CTLA-4 monoclonal antibody (mAb) | Ipilimumab (Yervoy®) | Unresectable or metastatic melanoma |
| Tremelimumab | No clinical indication | |
| Anti-PD-1 monoclonal antibody (mAb) | Pembrolizumab (Keytruda®) | Hodgkin's lymphoma |
| Metastatic non-squamous NSCLC | ||
| Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma | ||
| Nivolumab (Opdivo®) | Unresectable or metastatic melanoma | |
| Non-squamous and metastatic squamous NSCLC | ||
| Advanced RCC | ||
| Hodgkin's lymphoma | ||
| Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma | ||
| Metastatic colorectal cancer | ||
| HCC | ||
| Squamous cell cancer of head and neck | ||
| Anti-PD-L1 mAb | Atezolizumab (Tecentriq®) | Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma Metastatic NSCLC |
| Avelumab (Bevancio®) | Metastatic Merkel Cell carcinoma Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma | |
| Durvalumab (Imfinzi®) | Unresectable stage III NSCLC Locally advanced or metastatic urothelial carcinoma | |
| Anti-CTLA-4 mAb + Anti-PD-1 mAb | Ipilimumab + Nivolumab (Yervoy® + Opdivo®) | Unresectable or metastatic melanoma |
| RCC | ||
| Metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck | ||
| Metastatic NSCLC |