Table 2.
Characteristics of Patients with Mental Disorders (MD) Hospitalized in 2014 to 2015 for any Medical Reason (Index Hospitalization) and Who Were Readmitted/Not Readmitted within 30 Days of Discharge.
| Characteristics Overall |
Total (Hospitalized Patients) | Readmitted within 30 Days | Not Readmitted within 30 Days | P | Standardized Difference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | |||
| 2,954 (100) | 243 (100) | 2,711 (100) | |||
| Clinical variables (2012 to 2014) | |||||
| Mental disorders (MD)a | |||||
| Common MD | 1,629 (55.1) | 141 (58.0) | 1,488 (54.9) | 0.191 | 0.063 |
| Depressive disorders | 909 (30.8) | 79 (32.5) | 830 (30.6) | 0.293 | 0.041 |
| Anxiety disorders | 1,145 (38.8) | 105 (43.2) | 1,040 (38.4) | 0.079 | 0.098 |
| Adjustment disorders | 659 (22.3) | 77 (31.7) | 582 (21.5) | 0.000 | 0.232 |
| Serious MD | 1,719 (58.2) | 157 (64.6) | 1,562 (57.6) | 0.020 | 0.144 |
| Schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders | 1,248 (42.2) | 112 (46.1) | 1,136 (41.9) | 0.116 | 0.085 |
| Bipolar disorders | 884 (29.9) | 90 (37.0) | 794 (29.3) | 0.008 | 0.164 |
| Personality disorders | 524 (17.7) | 48 (19.8) | 476 (17.6) | 0.219 | 0.056 |
| Substance-related disorders (SRD; drug and alcohol) | 750 (25.4) | 85 (35.0) | 665 (24.5) | 0.001 | 0.231 |
| Alcohol-related disorders | 467 (15.8) | 45 (18.5) | 422 (15.6) | 0.133 | 0.077 |
| Drug-related disorders | 418 (14.2) | 41 (16.9) | 377 (13.9) | 0.121 | 0.083 |
| Reasons for emergency department (ED) visit related to index hospitalization | |||||
| Violent behavior or social issues | 253 (8,6) | 19 (7,8) | 234 (8,6) | 0.386 | 0.029 |
| Suicidal ideation | 894 (33.0) | 87 (35.8) | 981 (33.2) | 0.204 | 0.055 |
| Suicide attempt | 319 (10.8) | 29 (11.9) | 290 (10.7) | 0.307 | 0.038 |
| Chronic physical illnesses | 1,340 (45.4) | 121 (49.8) | 1,219 (45.0) | 0.084 | 0.096 |
| Elixhauser comorbidity indexb | 0.097 | 0.160 | |||
| 0 | 1,912 (64.7) | 141 (58.0) | 1,771 (65.3) | ||
| 1 | 318 (10.8) | 33 (13.6) | 285 (10.5) | ||
| 2 | 238 (8.1) | 26 (10.7) | 212 (7.8) | ||
| 3+ | 486 (16.5) | 43 (17.7) | 443 (16.3) | ||
| Co-occurring SRD/chronic physical illnesses | 513 (17.4) | 79 (32.5) | 434 (16.0) | 0.000 | 0.392 |
| Illness acuity (triage priority levels) (measured during ED visit leading to index hospitalization) | 0.688 | 0.060 | |||
| Level 1 and 2 (immediate and very urgent care) | 622 (21.1) | 48 (19.8) | 574 (21.2) | ||
| Level 3 (urgent care) | 1,189 (40.3) | 104 (42.8) | 1,085 (40.0) | ||
| Levels 4 and 5 (less urgent and nonurgent care) | 1,143 (38.7) | 91 (37.4) | 1,052 (38.8) | ||
| Sociodemographic variables (2014 to 2015) | |||||
| Age | 0.709 | 0.090 | |||
| 12 to 17 years | 119 (4.0) | 11 (4.5) | 108 (4.0) | ||
| 18 to 24 years | 339 (11.5) | 30 (12.3) | 309 (11.4) | ||
| 25 to 44 years | 1,064 (36.1) | 82 (33.7) | 982 (36.3) | ||
| 45 to 64 years | 981 (33.3) | 77 (31.7) | 904 (33.4) | ||
| 65+ years | 444 (15.1) | 43 (17.7) | 401 (14.8) | ||
| Sex | 0.238 | 0.052 | |||
| Male | 1,408 (47.7) | 110 (45.3) | 1,298 (47.8) | ||
| Female | 1,546 (52.3) | 133 (54.7) | 1,413 (52.1) | ||
| Material deprivation index | 0.080 | 0.210 | |||
| 1: Least deprived | 580 (19.6) | 38 (15.6) | 542 (20.0) | ||
| 2 | 411 (13.9) | 24 (9.9) | 387 (14.3) | ||
| 3 | 516 (17.5) | 41 (16.9) | 475 (17.5) | ||
| 4 | 514 (17.4) | 47 (19.3) | 467 (17.2) | ||
| 5: Most deprived | 590 (20.0) | 57 (23.5) | 533 (19.7) | ||
| Not assignedc | 343 (11.6) | 36 (14.8) | 307 (11.3) | ||
| Social deprivation index | 0.474 | 0.140 | |||
| 1: Least deprived | 301 (10.2) | 18 (7.4) | 283 (10.4) | ||
| 2 | 277 (9.4) | 22 (9.1) | 255 (9.4) | ||
| 3d | 361 (12.2) | 29 (11.9) | 332 (12.2) | ||
| 4 | 655 (22.2) | 52 (21.4) | 603 (22.2) | ||
| 5: Most deprived | 1,017 (34.4) | 86 (35.4) | 931 (34.3) | ||
| Not assignedc | 343 (11.6) | 36 (14.8) | 307 (11.3) | ||
| Quebec health regions (where inpatient units are located) | 0.01 | 0.172 | |||
| University regionsd | 2,367 (80.1) | 187 (77.0) | 2,180 (80.4) | ||
| Peripheral regions | 474 (16.0) | 38 (15.6) | 436 (16.1) | ||
| Other (intermediary and remote health regions) | 113 (3.8) | 18 (7.4) | 95 (3.5) | ||
| Service use variables | |||||
| Having a family physician (ED visit leading to index hospitalization) | 1,430 (48.4) | 115 (47.3) | 1,315 (48.5) | 0.388 | 0.024 |
| Health service use (measured 12 months before index hospitalization) | |||||
| Number of consultations with the patient general practitioner (GP) in private clinics or local community health service centers for any medical reason (GP most frequently consulted) | 0.306 | 0.100 | |||
| 0 consultations | 732 (24.8) | 70 (28.8) | 662 (24.4) | ||
| 1 to 3 consultations | 1,049 (35.5) | 80 (32.90) | 969 (35.7) | ||
| 4+ consultations | 1,173 (39.7) | 93 (38.3) | 1,080 (39.8) | ||
| Number of different GP consulted in primary care | 0.315 | 0.100 | |||
| 0 GP | 732 (24.8) | 70 (28.8) | 662 (24.4) | ||
| 1 to 3 GP | 1,431 (48.4) | 112 (3.8) | 1,319 (48.7) | ||
| 4+ GP | 791 (26.8) | 61 (25.1) | 730 (26.9) | ||
| Number of outpatient consultations with the patient psychiatrist (psychiatrist most frequently consulted) | 0.021 | 0.190 | |||
| 0 consultation | 576 (19.5) | 35 (14.9) | 541 (20.0) | ||
| 1 to 3 consultations | 1,385 (46.9) | 109 (44.9) | 1,276 (47.1) | ||
| 4+ consultationsd | 993 (33.6) | 99 (40.7) | 894 (33.0) | ||
| Number of different physicians consulted in specialized care | 0.500 | 0.080 | |||
| 0 physicians | 504 (17.1) | 35 (14.4) | 469 (17.3) | ||
| 1 to 3 physicians | 2,226 (75.4) | 188 (77.4) | 2,038 (75.2) | ||
| 4+ physiciansd | 224 (7.6) | 20 (8.2) | 204 (7.5) | ||
| Main medical provider | 0.062 | 0.150 | |||
| GP only | 488 (16.5) | 31 (12.8) | 457 (16.9) | ||
| Psychiatrist only | 644 (21.8) | 66 (27.2) | 578 (21.3) | ||
| Both GP and psychiatrist | 1,734 (58.7) | 142 (58.4) | 1,592 (58.7) | ||
| None | 88 (3.0) | 4 (1.6) | 84 (3.1) | ||
| Number of interventions at local community health service centers including GP consultations | 0.478 | 0.080 | |||
| 0 interventions | 1,414 (47.9) | 118 (48.6) | 1,296 (47.8) | ||
| 1 to 3 interventions | 582 (19.7) | 41 (16.9) | 541 (20.0) | ||
| 4+ interventions | 958 (32.4) | 84 (34.6) | 874 (32.2) | ||
| Prior ED visits for any medical reasons | 0.012 | 0.230 | |||
| 0 visits | 913 (30.9) | 65 (26.7) | 846 (31.3) | ||
| 1 to 3 visits | 951 (32.2) | 67 (27.6) | 884 (32.6) | ||
| 4+ visitsd | 1,090 (36.9) | 111 (45.7) | 979 (36.1) | ||
| Prior hospitalizations for any medical reason | 1,339 (45.3) | 150 (61.7) | 1,189 (43.9) | 0.000 | 0.362 |
| Number of inpatient days for index hospitalization for any medical reason | 0.000 | 0.520 | |||
| 1 to 3 daysd | 1,027 (34.8) | 107 (44.0) | 920 (33.9) | ||
| 4 to 7 days | 354 (12.0) | 32 (13.2) | 322 (11.9) | ||
| 8 to 15 days | 442 (15.0) | 44 (18.1) | 398 (14.7) | ||
| 16 to 29 daysd | 588 (19.9) | 11 (4.5) | 577 (21.3) | ||
| 30+ days | 543 (18.4) | 49 (20.2) | 494 (18.2) | ||
| Physician consultations for any medical reason after discharge from index hospitalization (measured within 30 days after discharge from index hospitalization or before readmission date) | 604 (20.4) | 20 (8.2) | 584 (21.5) | 0.000 | 0.381 |
a Participant can have more than one mental disorder. Therefore, the percent may exceed 100%.
b Chronic physical illnesses included: chronic pulmonary disease, cardiac arrhythmias, tumor without metastasis, renal disease, fluid electrolyte disorders, myocardial infarction, congestive heart failure, metastatic cancer, dementia, stroke, neurological disorders, liver disease, pulmonary circulation disorders, coagulopathy, weight loss, paralysis, AIDS/HIV.
c This is related to missing address or living in an area where index assignment is not feasible. An index cannot usually be assigned to residents of long-term health care units or when patients are homeless.
d This indicates significant differences at P < 0.10 Comparisons were provided (χ2) for each row reporting percentages for categorical variables.