Table 2.

Differences between the study groups related to the participants’ socio-demographic data

Variables	Intervention1 (n = 180)		Intervention2 (n = 180)		Waitlist group (n = 180)		χ2	P-value
	Mean ranks		Mean ranks		Mean ranks
Age	255.92		274.12		281.46		2.576	0.28
	No.	%	No.	%	No.	%
Gender
Male	87	48.3	100	55.6	93	51.7	1.88	0.39
Female	93	51.7	80	44.4	87	48.3
Previous in-service training
Yes	43	23.9	44	24.4	49	27.2	0.609	0.74
No	137	76.1	136	75.6	131	72.8
Date of last training course attended
≤ 1 year	25	55.6	25	56.8	21	44.7	1.644	0.44
> 1 year	20	44.4	19	43.2	26	55.3
Previous working experiences
Yes	139	77.2	135	75.0	130	72.2	1.199	0.55
No	41	22.8	45	25.0	50	27.8
Years of working experiences
< 5	80	44.4	76	42.2	66	36.7	2.387	0.30
≥ 5	100	55.6	104	57.8	114	63.3

* χ2 is significant at ≤0.05 level