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. 2021 Feb 4;11:603979. doi: 10.3389/fphar.2020.603979

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Copyright © 2021 Alboni, Benatti, Colliva, Radighieri, Blom, Brunello and Tascedda.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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LPS injection strongly induced IDO1 expression only in the dorsal hippocampus of animals that received chronic treatment with VTX, while in the ventral hippocampus, IDO was significantly higher in LPS-treated mice regardless of treatment. Gene expression results are shown as fold changes relative to saline-treated control (standard diet) group. Bar graphs representing the expression of IDO1 in the (A) dorsal hippocampus or in the (B) ventral hippocampus. Treatment as indicated in the legend, n = 9–10 mice per group. Data are represented as means ± SEM and were analyzed with ANOVA followed by Tukey’s HSD (two-way ANOVA: ^◦◦◦ p < 0.001 main effect LPS/saline; ⁺⁺⁺ p < 0.001 LPS/saline* standard/VTX-enriched diet interaction; post hoc *p < 0.05, ***p < 0.001 indicate significant difference compared to saline-treated matching group; ^# p < 0.05 indicates significant difference compared to matching control group).