Table 1.

Cluster of genes involved in the multiple stress responses of C. jejuni.

Sr. No	Target Mechanism	Gene	Stress tolerant Gene	Reference
1	Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Stress in Campylobacter jejuni and Campylobacter coli	nrfA	Nitrite reductase, formate-dependent	Mühlig et al., 2014; Einsle (2011)
		cgb	Single-Domain Hemoglobin in Mediating Resistance to Nitric Oxide and Nitrosative Stress	Elvers et al., 2004; Pittman et al., 2007
		nssR	Single-Domain Hemoglobin in Mediating	Monk et al., 2008; Avila-Ramirez et al., 2013
2	Heat shock efficiency	htrB	Promotes Abiotic and Biotic Stress Tolerance in Transgenic Arabidopsis thaliana	Svensson et al., 2008; Poli et al., 2012
		htrA	high-temperature requirement A (HtrA)-like protease and chaperones in the cell envelope,	Svensson et al., 2008
		groES/groEL	Chaperonin	Laranjo and Oliveira, 2011
		dnaK	Chaperonin
		clpP	Two promoters; roteolytic component of the Clp or Ti protease	Gerth et al., 1998
		grpE	Nucleotide sequence of a Bacillus subtilis gene homologous to the grpE gene	Völker et al., 1992
		dnaJ	Arabidopsis DnaJ (Hsp40) contributes to NaCl-stress tolerance	Zhichang et al., 2010
		hslU	Proteomics Analysis of Drought Stress-Responsive Proteins	Xu et al., 2009
		hrcA	Conserved ATP-dependent proteases of C. jejuni to stress tolerance and virulence	Chon et al., 2007
		racRS	Salinity stress tolerance - ascorbate-glutathione	Kang et al., 2013
		clpB lon	Protease ATP-dependent (E. coli ClpA) • ATPase activity	Parsell and Lindquist, 1993
3	Nutrition Depletion/Starvation	ppk1	Quorum sensing genes/inhibiting polyphosphate kinase	Sarabhai et al., 2015 Gangaiah et al., 2010
		spoT	cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase/peroxiredoxins
		ppk2	The adenylate cyclase gene MaAC/membrane location of the protein
		cstA	Arabidopsis genes	Auesukaree et al., 2009
4	Osmotic Tolerance	htrB	ATP binding cassette transporter components PaqP and PaqQ in bacterial salt stress tolerance	Lin et al., 2009a
		ppk1	Inhibiting polyphosphate kinase	Sarabhai et al., 2015
		cj1226c	Influences biofilm formation	Svensson et al., 2008; Svensson et al., 2009
5	Low pH/Acid Tolerance	htrB	ATP binding cassette transporter components PaqP and PaqQ in bacterial salt stress tolerance	Lin et al., 2009b
6	Oxidative Stress/Oxygen Stress	spoT	Quorum sensing genes/inhibiting polyphosphate kinase	Sarabhai et al., 2015
		hspS	Proteomics Analysis of Drought Stress-Responsive	Parsell and Lindquist, 1993
		htrA
		fdxA	stress-responsive cyclophilin gene	Chen et al., 2007
		sodB	Resistance to peroxynitrite and stage-specific survival in macrophages	Master et al., 2002
		dcuA
		dps
		katA
		perR
		ahpC
		sodB-sdh
		cj1556	Additionally Influences biofilm formation	Svensson et al., 2009
		cj1546
		cj1556-cj1386