Table 2.
Prevalence of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) by previous mental health diagnosis and key covariate levels, n = 57,446
| Previous Mental Health Diagnosis | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| Yes | No | NR | |
| n = 9383 | n = 46,585 | n = 1282 | |
| X% (95% CI) | X% (95% CI) | X% (95% CI) | |
| Sex | |||
| Male | 53.6 (49.5, 57.7) | 24.9 (23.7, 26.1) | 60.8 (50.3, 70.5) |
| Female | 62.2 (59.3, 64.9) | 35.3 (34, 36.6) | 59.9 (52, 67.4) |
| Age group | |||
| 18–24 years | 73 (68.9, 76.7) | 44.1 (42.4, 45.8) | 74.7 (66.1, 81.7) |
| 25–34 years | 65.9 (62.1, 69.6) | 35.5 (34, 37.1) | 59.1 (48.4, 69) |
| 35–55 years | 58.3 (53.4, 63) | 26.6 (24.8, 28.5) | 48.7 (34.1, 63.5) |
| 45–54 years | 49.4 (43.4, 55.3) | 23.4 (21.1, 25.8) | 49 (29.7, 68.5) |
| 55 years+ | 51.4 (45.1, 57.5) | 21.7 (19.5, 24) | 56.3 (36.9, 73.9) |
| Region | |||
| Metropolitan Lima | 58.2 (54.7, 61.7) | 28.3 (26.9, 29.8) | 65.1 (54.3, 74.5) |
| Resto Coast | 60.1 (54.7, 65.3) | 28 (26.3, 29.8) | 62.8 (48.8, 75) |
| Andes | 60.1 (55.9, 64.2) | 33.5 (31.9, 35.2) | 56.7 (46.8, 66.2) |
| Jungle | 55.1 (45.3, 64.6) | 29.2 (26.1, 32.5) | 54.8 (34.5, 73.5) |
| Education | |||
| Less than high school | 61.4 (55, 67.3) | 34.8 (32.4, 37.2) | 63.9 (44.6, 79.5) |
| Completed high school | 62.1 (59.1, 64.9) | 31.2 (30.1, 32.3) | 62.4 (55.2, 69) |
| Undergraduate or higher | 49.4 (45.3, 53.5) | 22.3 (21, 23.6) | 46.7 (33.9, 60) |
| Marital status | |||
| Single | 67.5 (64.5, 70.4) | 35.7 (34.4, 37) | 67.3 (60, 73.9) |
| Married | 47.3 (42.1, 52.6) | 22.9 (21.1, 24.7) | 53.9 (37.6, 69.5) |
| Living together | 57.9 (52.7, 63) | 28 (26.3, 29.8) | 41.8 (28.8, 56.1) |
| Other | 55.7 (48, 63.2) | 32.3 (28.5, 36.3) | 65.6 (38.8, 85.2) |
| Household size | |||
| < 4 | 56.4 (52.7, 60.1) | 28.8 (27.4, 30.2) | 58.1 (48, 67.5) |
| ≥ 4 | 61 (57.9, 64) | 30.9 (29.8, 32.1) | 62.1 (53.9, 69.6) |
| Employment | |||
| Formal employment | 44.4 (40.0, 49.0) | 21.4 (19.9, 22.8). | 45.7 (32.0, 60.2). |
| Informal employment | 63.6 (57.1,69.6) | 28.6 (26.4, 30.9) | 39.3 (23.3, 58.0) |
| Unemployed before lockdown | 64.6 (59.8, 69.2) | 35.7 (33.6, 37.9) | 68.5 (56.8, 78.2) |
| Recently unemployed | 63.0 (59.2, 66.7) | 34.2 (32.7,3 5.8) | 68.8 (59.0, 77.0) |
| Household income | |||
| Up to 930 PEN | 63.8 (59.6, 67.9) | 33.4 (31.8, 35.1) | 56.2 (43.9, 67.9) |
| 931–1860 PEN | 57.9 (52.4, 63.1) | 29.2 (27.2, 31.2) | 60.7 (44.4, 75) |
| 1861–2790 PEN | 56.5 (48.8, 63.9) | 26.5 (23.9, 29.3) | 62.1 (39.3, 80.6) |
| 2791–4650 PEN | 45.9 (37.4, 54.7) | 23.4 (20.6, 26.5) | 61.8 (36, 82.3) |
| More than 4650 PEN | 43.8 (35.8, 52.1) | 19.2 (16.6, 22.1) | 73.6 (50.6, 88.3) |
| Prefer not to respond | 62.1 (57.5, 66.5) | 31 (29.3, 32.8) | 61.3 (51.4, 70.4) |
| COVID-19 infection | |||
| No | 59.1 (56.7, 61.5) | 29.8 (29, 30.7) | 60.1 (53.7, 66.2) |
| Yes | 55.8 (32, 77.1) | 43.9 (33.4, 54.9) | 58.4 (11.3, 93.9) |
| Comorbidities | |||
| No | 57.8 (54.7, 60.8) | 27.7 (26.7, 28.8) | 58.9 (51.5, 65.9) |
| Yes | 60.9 (56.9, 64.7) | 34.3 (32.6, 36.1) | 58.8 (46.8, 69.8) |
| Total | 59 (56.7, 61.4) | 30 (29.1, 30.9) | 60.3 (54, 66.3) |
X% (95% CI), values are presented as proportions and linearized 95% confidence intervals