Table 3.

Sex-and-aged adjusted prevalence ratios for risk factors of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 10) by previous mental health diagnosis, n = 57,446

	Previous Mental Health Diagnosis
	Yes	No	NR
	n = 9383	n = 46,585	n = 1282
	PR (95%CI)	PR (95%CI)	PR (95%CI)
Region
Metropolitan Lima	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Resto Coast	1 (0.90,1.12)	0.90** (0.83,0.97)	0.97 (0.74,1.27)
Andes	0.96 (0.88,1.06)	1.04 (0.97,1.12)	0.81 (0.64,1.03)
Jungle	0.89 (0.73,1.07)	0.89 (0.79,1.01)	0.77 (0.52,1.14)
Education
Less than high school	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Completed high school	1.02 (0.91,1.14)	0.93 (0.86,1.00)	0.96 (0.70,1.31)
Undergraduate or higher	0.86* (0.76,0.98)	0.76*** (0.69,0.83)	0.77 (0.51,1.16)
Marital status
Single	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Married	0.78*** (0.68,0.90)	0.87** (0.79,0.96)	1.03 (0.68,1.57)
Living together	0.90* (0.81,0.99)	0.85*** (0.79,0.92)	0.7 (0.48,1.02)
Other	0.91 (0.77,1.07)	1.20** (1.05,1.37)	1.25 (0.78,2.02)
Household size (≥4)	1.06 (0.98,1.15)	1.03 (0.97,1.09)	1.05 (0.85,1.30)
Household income
Up to 930 PEN	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
931–1860 PEN	0.91 (0.82,1.02)	0.95 (0.87,1.03)	1.09 (0.78,1.54)
1861–2790 PEN	0.89 (0.76,1.03)	0.9 (0.80,1.01)	1.05 (0.70,1.56)
2791–4650 PEN	0.76** (0.62,0.93)	0.81** (0.71,0.93)	1.08 (0.70,1.69)
More than 4651 PEN	0.70*** (0.58,0.85)	0.68*** (0.58,0.79)	1.21 (0.84,1.74)
Prefer not to respond	0.97 (0.88,1.07)	0.94 (0.88,1.01)	1.09 (0.83,1.44)
COVID-19 infection	0.89 (0.58,1.36)	1.67*** (1.31,2.13)	0.88 (0.40,1.95)
Comorbidities	1.14** (1.05,1.24)	1.43*** (1.34,1.53)	1.09 (0.85,1.40)
Employment
Formal employment	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Informal employment	1.37*** (1.19,1.58)	1.25*** (1.12,1.38)	0.81 (0.47,1.40)
Unemployed before lockdown	1.34*** (1.18,1.52)	1.40*** (1.271,1.53)	1.29 (0.88,1.87)
Recently unemployed	1.35*** (1.20,1.51)	1.42*** (1.31,1.53)	1.47* (1.04,2.07)

Values represent independent sex and age adjusted models for each covariate

PR prevalence ratio, 95%CI 95% confidence intervals

*p-value< 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001