Table 4.

Sex-and-aged adjusted prevalence ratios for risk factors of depressive symptoms (PHQ-9 ≥ 14) by previous mental health diagnosis, n = 57,446

	Previous Mental Health Diagnosis
	Yes	No	NR
	n = 9383	n = 46,585	n = 1282
	PR (95%CI)	PR (95%CI)	PR (95%CI)
Region
Metropolitan Lima	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Resto Coast	1.19* (1.03,1.37)	0.91 (0.81,1.02)	1.2 (0.82,1.76)
Andes	1.07 (0.95,1.21)	1.09 (0.99,1.21)	0.88 (0.63,1.23)
Jungle	0.94 (0.73,1.21)	0.91 (0.77,1.07)	0.94 (0.57,1.55)
Education
Less than high school	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Completed high school	1.02 (0.91,1.14)	0.80*** (0.72,0.88)	1.14 (0.70,1.87)
Undergraduate or higher	0.86* (0.76,0.98)	0.62*** (0.54,0.70)	0.92 (0.50,1.69)
Marital status
Single	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Married	0.78*** (0.68,0.90)	0.85* (0.74,0.97)	1.18 (0.68,2.02)
Living together	0.90* (0.81,0.99)	0.79*** (0.71,0.87)	0.71 (0.44,1.15)
Other	0.91 (0.77,1.07)	1.16 (0.96,1.42)	1.18 (0.61,2.29)
Household size (≥4)	1.03 (0.92,1.15)	0.99 (0.91,1.08)	1.24 (0.92,1.68)
Household income
Up to 930 PEN	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
931–1860 PEN	0.91 (0.82,1.02)	0.89 (0.80,1.01)	1.02 (0.64,1.62)
1861–2790 PEN	0.89 (0.76,1.03)	0.81** (0.70,0.95)	1.13 (0.72,1.78)
2791–4650 PEN	0.76** (0.62,0.93)	0.72*** (0.59,0.87)	0.88 (0.47,1.63)
More than 4651 PEN	0.70*** (0.58,0.85)	0.60*** (0.48,0.75)	0.56 (0.29,1.09)
Prefer not to respond	0.97 (0.88,1.07)	0.91 (0.82,1.01)	0.95 (0.66,1.37)
COVID-19 infection	0.89 (0.58,1.36)	1.65** (1.14,2.39)	0.1 (0.01,1.01)
Comorbidities	1.14** (1.05,1.24)	1.49*** (1.36,1.63)	1.05 (0.73,1.50)
Employment
Formal employment	Ref.	Ref.	Ref.
Informal employment	1.36** (1.11,1.66)	1.28** (1.11,1.48)	1.16 (0.57,2.36)
Unemployed before lockdown	1.55*** (1.31,1.84)	1.36*** (1.20,1.55)	1.59 (0.93,2.72)
Recently unemployed	1.50*** (1.28,1.75)	1.39*** (1.24,1.60)	1.64 (0.97,2.77)

Values represent independent sex and age adjusted models for each covariate

PR prevalence ratio, 95%CI 95% confidence interval

*p-value< 0.05, ** p-value < 0.01, *** p-value < 0.001