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. 2021 Feb 4;8:602047. doi: 10.3389/fped.2020.602047

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Copyright © 2021 Holgersen, Gao, Narayanan, Gaur, Carey, Barton, Pan, Muk, Thymann and Sangild.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Intestinal functions (means ± SEM). (A) Concentration of lactulose/mannitol (Lac/Man) ratio to asses intestinal permeability in the urine on day 5 (n = 18–22), and (B) bacterial load in bone marrow (colony forming units, CFU) to assess bacterial translocation on day 5 (n = 23–24). (C) Brush border enzyme activities in mid small intestine (n = 24, ApN, aminopeptidase N; ApA, aminopeptidase A; DPPIV, dipeptidylpeptidase). Pro-inflammatory cytokines in (D) middle small intestine and (E) colon (n = 23–24). *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.